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1996 | Buch

Projected Dynamical Systems and Variational Inequalities with Applications

verfasst von: Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang

Verlag: Springer US

Buchreihe : International Series in Operations Research & Management Science

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

Equilibrium is a concept used in operations research and economics to understand the interplay of factors and problems arising from competitive systems in the economic world. The problems in this area are large and complex and have involved a variety of mathematical methodologies.
In this monograph, the authors have widened the scope of theoretical work with a new approach, `projected dynamical systems theory', to previous work in variational inequality theory. While most classical work in this area is static, the introduction to the theory of projected dynamical systems will allow many real-life dynamic situations and problems to be handled and modeled. This monograph includes: a new theoretical approach, `projected dynamical system', which allows the researcher to model real-life situations more accurately; new mathematical methods allowing researchers to combine other theoretical approaches with the projected dynamical systems approach; a framework in which research can adequately model natural, financial and human (real life) situations in competitive equilibrium problems; the computational and numerical methods for the implementation of the methods and theory discussed in the book; stability analysis, algorithms and computational procedures are offered for each set of applications.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Theory of Projected Dynamical Systems

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview
Abstract
Competitive phenomena in diverse disciplines are often characterized by the problem-specific equilibrium state. For example, in economics one encounters the problem in which firms are involved in the production of a commodity in a noncooperative fashion and one seeks to determine all the firms’ profit-maximizing production outputs, given that the consumers view the product as being homogeneous and, hence, are indifferent as to the producer or point of origin. In this classical problem, dating to Cournot (1838), the equilibrium state is characterized by the property that each firm’s profit is maximal, given that the other firms’ production outputs are fixed. Another example, studied by operations researchers, is the well-known traffic network equilibrium problem, in which users of a congested, typically urban, transportation system, seek to determine their cost-minimizing routes of travel between origins and destinations. The equilibrium concept here that states that only those paths that have minimum cost will be used dates to Wardrop (1952).
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 2. Projected Dynamical Systems
Abstract
Many systems in the modern world involve interacting agents competing for scarce resources and in such problems the concept of equilibrium plays a central role. Examples of scarce resources include: many natural resources, financial budgets, limited production capacities, and the systems themselves as in the design of the underlying network in, for example, urban transportation systems. Examples of equilibrium problems abound in operations research and management science, in economics, and in engineering, and their study has helped to forge bridges between different disciplines.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 3. Stability Analysis
Abstract
Stability of a system is defined as the ability of the system to maintain or restore its equilibrium when acted upon by forces tending to displace it. Hence, the study and understanding of equilibrium problems is incomplete without an investigation into the stability of the underlying systems.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 4. Discrete Time Algorithms
Abstract
The development of algorithms for the computation of projected dynamical systems is a topic equal in importance to that of the exploration of qualitative questions of existence, uniqueness, and stability.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang

Applications

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Oligopolistic Market Equilibrium
Abstract
The oligopoly problem, which consists of a finite number of firms, involved in the production of a homogeneous commodity in a noncooperative manner, is one of the classical problems in economics, dating to Cournot (1838), who considered the case of two firms. It is also an example, par excellence, of a game theory problem.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 6. Spatial Price Equilibrium
Abstract
The perfectly competitive spatial price equilibrium models of Samuelson (1952) and Takayama and Judge (1971) have provided the basic framework for the study of a variety of applications in the fields of energy, agricultural markets, as well as in international trade. Moreover, the demand to extend these fundamental models in various directions has stimulated the development of mathematical methodologies for analysis and computation.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 7. Elastic Demand Traffic Equilibrium
Abstract
Congested urban transportation networks represent complex systems in which users interact so as to determine their cost-minimizing routes of travel between their points of origin and their destinations. The concept of “user-optimization” dates to Wardrop (1952). This concept is to be contrasted with that of “system-optimization” (see, e.g., Dafermos and Sparrow (1969)) in which the total cost in the network, as represented by a single objective function, is to be minimized.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Chapter 8. Fixed Demand Traffic Equilibrium
Abstract
Fixed demand traffic network equilibrium problems, in contrast to elastic demand traffic network equilibrium problems, which were the topic of Chapter 7, assume that there is a fixed and known travel demand associated with traveling between each origin/destination (0/D) pair in the network.
Anna Nagurney, Ding Zhang
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Projected Dynamical Systems and Variational Inequalities with Applications
verfasst von
Anna Nagurney
Ding Zhang
Copyright-Jahr
1996
Verlag
Springer US
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4615-2301-7
Print ISBN
978-1-4613-5972-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2301-7