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Bacterial Adhesion pp 133–161Cite as

Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion at Solid-Water Interfaces

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Abstract

Any consideration of the mechanisms whereby bacteria adhere to solid surfaces must take account of the surface properties of the bacteria as well as those of the substrata concerned. Properties of bacterial surfaces have been dealt with by Wicken (Chapter 2) and those of apparently inert substratum surfaces by Loeb (Chapter 5). Bacteria can be considered as living colloidal particles (Marshall, 1973, 1976). They range in size from about 0.2 µm to several micrometers in length, and the majority of bacteria are about 1.0 µm in length or diameter. The density of a bacterial cell is only slightly greater than that of water. Stable suspensions of bacteria in dilute electrolytes (e.g., nutrient media) result, in part, from a mutual electrostatic repulsion between like charges on the bacterial surfaces. As revealed by electrophoretic measurements (Fig. 1), bacteria possess a net negative surface charge at pH values found in most natural habitats. A charge reversal at low pH values is indicative of the presence of some charged basic (amino) groups, which are revealed when dissociation of acidic (carboxyl, phosphate) groups is suppressed at the low pH values (Plummer and James, 1961). The positively charged groups appear to be evenly distributed over the surface of Flexibacter aurantiacus CW7 (Marshall and Cruickshank, 1973). Bacteria also exhibit variations in overall surface free energy of the cells, with some bacteria possessing relatively hydrophilic surfaces and others relatively hydrophobic surfaces (Mudd and Mudd, 1924; Magnusson et al., 1977; Dahlbäck et al., 1981). The distribution of hydrophobic sites on bacterial cells is not necessarily uniform and may result in a preferred orientation of certain bacteria at interfaces (Marshall and Cruickshank, 1973).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Microbiology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2033, Australia

    Kevin C. Marshall

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  1. Kevin C. Marshall
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Dwayne C. Savage

  2. University of Warwick, Coventry, England

    Madilyn Fletcher

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© 1985 Plenum Press, New York

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Marshall, K.C. (1985). Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion at Solid-Water Interfaces. In: Savage, D.C., Fletcher, M. (eds) Bacterial Adhesion. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6514-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6514-7_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6516-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6514-7

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