Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Current Distribution

  • Chapter
Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry ((CTE))

Abstract

In general, the local current density j x varies along an electrode. Similarly, the potential difference at the electrode-solution interface can depend on location. For example, the current density tends to be larger on the crests of an electrode with a serrated profile (Figure 8), or near the edges of an electrode that does not entirely fill the cross section of the electrolysis cell (Figures 3 and 10). This is due to the fact that, at these privileged spots, the cross section of the solution available for the passage of charges through the electrolyte increases with increasing distance from the electrode, so that the resistance for the current flow from the anode to the cathode is smaller at these spots than in other parts of the electrode.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. E. Mantzell, Z. Elektrochem. Ber. Deutsch. Bunsenges. 41, 10 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. H. Rousselot, In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Protection against Corrosion by Metal Finishing, Basel, 1966, p. 39, Forster Verlag, Zurich (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Steiner, Z. Phys. Chem. 196, 235 (1950); Arch. Tech. ATM Blatt 8227, 2 (1950); see also Z. Phys. Chem. 200, 53 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Steiner and K. Schery, Metalloberfläche 3, B129 (1951); 4, B113 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  5. W. Nohse, Die Untersuchung galvanischer Bäder in der Hull-Zelle, Leuze Verlag, Saulgau/Württemberg, Germany (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. Ibl, W. Rüegg, and G. Trümpler, HeIv. Chim. Acta 36, 1624 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Bolch and G. G. Weiler, Metalloberfläche 29, 386 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Marathe and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 1704 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. O. Kardos and D. Gardner-Foulke, Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 2, p. 145, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, Eds. Wiley, New York and London (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Gardner-Foulke and O. Kardos, Proc. Am. Electroplaters Soc. 43, 172 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  11. W. Rüegg, Oberflächenbehandlung von Zinkdruckguss, Juris Verlag, Zürich (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Stverak, I. Rousar, J. Hostomsky, V. Cezner, and M. Sob, Radioisotopy 13, 151 (1972); Chem. Abstr. 77, 13125j (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Bode and J. Euler, Electrochim. Acta 11, 1211, 1221, 1231 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  14. V. A. Ettel, B. V. Tilak, and A. S. Gendron, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 867 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Neufeld and D. V. Patel, Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing 52, 71 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. J. Christie and J. D. Thomas, Plating 52, 855 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. H. Rousselot, Ingénieurs Automobile 33 Oct. (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. H. Rousselot, Répartition du potentiel et du courant dans les électrolytes, Dunod, Paris (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 106, 833 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. G. Weiler and Th. Bolch, Galvanotechnik 66, 785 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G. G. Weiler and K. Zerweck, Metalloberfläche 29, 111 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Newman, Electrochemical Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  23. N. Ibl, Tech. Ingénieur 12, D-902 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  24. P. Gallone, Principi dei Processi Elettrochimici, Tamburini Ed., Milano (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  25. G. Milazzo, (a) Electrochimie, Vol. 1, p. 188, Dunod, Paris (1969); (b) Elektrochemie, Vol. 1, pp. 343–354, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. Kasper, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 77, 353 (1940); 78, 131 (1940); 82, 153 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. Wagner, Plating 48, 997 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. F. Hine, S. Yoshizawa, and S. Okada, J. Electrochem. Soc. 103, 186 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Okada, S. Yoshizawa, and F. Hine, Mem. Fac. Eng. (Kyoto Univ.) 14, 63 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. Weber, Bull. A.S.E. 51, 1011 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  31. H. F. Moulton, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (Ser. 2) 3, 104 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. I. Maslii, N. P. Poddubnyi, and B. Ya. Pirogov, Elektrokhimiya 6, 70 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. A. Klingert, S. Lynn, and C. W. Tobias, Electrochim. Acta 9, 297 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Newman, Ind. Eng. Chem. 60, 12 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 501, 1235 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, p. 608, National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  37. N. Ibl, Oberfläche-Surface 16, 23 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 98, 116 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. N. P. Poddubnyi and E. I. Rudenko, Elektrokhimiya 4, 943 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Alkire and A. A. Mirarefi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 1507 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. W. R. Parrish and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 117, 43 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. V. T. Ivanov and G. A. Kandrat’eva, Elektrokhimiya, 10, 1395 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. R. Alkire and R. Varjian, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 622 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. Alkire, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 900 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. C. W. Tobias and R. Wijsman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 100, 459 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. T. P. Hoar and J. N. Agar, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1, 162 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  47. I. Rousar, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 676 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. V. I. Ivanov and A. I. Shafeev, Elektrokhimiya 9, 1191 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  49. N. P. Gnusin, N. P. Poddubnyi, E. N. Rudenko, and A. G. Fomin, Elektrokhimiya 1, 452 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. C. Wagner, Electrochim. Acta 12, 131 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 107, 445 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. E. Mantzell, Z. Elektrochem. 42, 303 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. B. Miller and M. I. Bellavance, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 42 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Bruckenstein and B. Miller, J. Electrochem. Soc. 117, 1044 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  55. W. H. Smyrl and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 208, 212 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. E. Raub, Metalloberfläche 12, 353 (1958); 13, 304 (1959); Plating 45, 486 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. D. Thomas, Proc. Am. Electroplaters Soc. 43, 60 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  58. J. Elze, Metall. 15, 542 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. A. Watson, Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing 37, 28, 144 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. E. Gardam, J. Electrodepositors Tech. Soc. 22, 155 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  61. S. A. Watson and J. Edwards, Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing 34, 167 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. L. B. Garmon and H. Leidheiser, Jr., Plating 48, 1003 (1961); Proc. Am. Electroplaters Soc. 46, 50 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. R. H. Rousselot, Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing 41, 40 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  64. R. H. Rousselot, J. Steiner, Z. Phys. Chem. 201, 161 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  65. I. Rousar, A. Regner, and V. Cezner, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 31, 4139 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  66. I. Rousar and V. Cezner, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 32, 1137 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. I. Rousar, V. Cezner, and J. Hostomsky, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 33, 808 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Z. Nagy, J. Appl. Electrochem. 6, 171 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. J. E. Funk and J. F. Thorpe, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 48 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. B. E. Conway, E. Gileadi, and H. Oswin, Can. J. Chem. 41, 2447 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. S. K. Rangarajan, M. J. Dignam, and B. E. Conway, Can. J. Chem. 45, 422 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. Wojtowicz, L. Laliberté, and B. E. Conway, Electrochim. Acta 13, 361 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. A. Böhnlein, Metalloberfläche 24, 210 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  74. S. Ishizaka, H. Matsuda, and Y. Wada, J. Electrochem. Soc. Jap. 22, 420 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. R. Alkire and’A. Tvarusko, J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 340 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. F. Goodridge and C. J. H. King, Technique of Electroorganic Synthesis, Chapter II, N. L. Weinberg, Ed., Wiley, New York (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  77. J. Euler, Electrochim. Acta 13, 1533 (1968); 18, 385 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  78. K. J. Euler and W. Nonnenmacher, Electrochim. Acta 2, 268 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. J. S. Newman and C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 1183 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. R. Alkire and P. K. Ng, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 95 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. J. Kronsbein, Plating 37, 851 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. R. E. Sioda, Electrochim. Acta 16, 1569 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  83. A. Winsel, Z. Elektrochem. 66, 287 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. R. Buvet, N. Guillou, and B. Warszawski, Electrochim. Acta 6, 113 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. E. A. Grens and C. W. Tobias, Ber. Bunsenges. 68, 236 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. K. J. Euler, Electrochim. Acta 8, 409 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  87. M. Fleischmann, J. W. Oldfield, and L. Tennakoon, J. Appl. Electrochem. 1, 103 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. J. N. Hiddleston and A. F. Douglas, Electrochim. Acta 15, 431 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. O. S. Kreuzhek and V. V. Stender, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 106, 487 (1956); 107, 280 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  90. V. S. Daniel-Bekh, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 22, 697 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  91. P. Bro and H. Y. Kang, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 519 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Z. Nagy and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 1129 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. R. de Levie, Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, Eds. Vol. 6, p. 329, Wiley, New York and London (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  94. J. Newman and W. Tiedemann, A.I.Ch.E. J. 21, 25 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. N. Ibl, In: Proceedings of the International Conference Protection against Corrosion by Metal Finishing, Basel, 1966, p. 48, Forster Verlag, Zurich (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  96. J. Newman, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 10, 983 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. P. Pierini, P. Appel, and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 366 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. K. Asada, F. Hine, S. Yoshizawa, and S. Okada, J. Electrochem. Soc. 107, 242 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. C. Wagner, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 95, 161 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. F. Coeuret, Electrochim. Acta 21, 203 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. A. Gaunand, D. Hutin, and F. Coeuret, Electrochim. Acta 22, 93 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. R. Alkire and B. Gracon, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1594 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. N. D. Bennion and C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 589, 593 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. K. J. Euler, Metalloberfläche 27, 87 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. K. J. Euler, Electrochim. Acta 18, 385 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. M. Bonnemay, G. Bronoël, E. Levart, and A. A. Pilla, J. Electroanal. Chem. 13, 58 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. N. Ibl, In: Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, C. W. Tobias and P. Delahay, Eds. Vol. 2, p. 49, Wiley, New York and London (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  108. N. Ibl and M. Braun, Chem. Ing. Tech. 45, 182 (1973); Oberfläche Surface 14, 49 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  109. O. Kardos, Plating 61, 129, 229, 316 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  110. E. Darmois, I. Epelboin, and D. Amine, C.R. Acad. Sci. 230, 386 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. I. Epelboin, In: Proceedings of the International Conference Protection against Corrosion by Metal Finishing, Basel, 1966, p. 69, Forster Verlag, Zurich (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  112. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 101, 225 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. M. Daguenet, M. Froment, and M. Keddam, J. Microscopie 5, 569 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. N. Ibl, Chem. Ing. Tech. 33, 69 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. L. J. J. Janssen and J. G. Hoogland, Electrochim. Acta 15, 1013 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. N. Ibl and J. Venczel, Metalloberfläche 24, 365 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  117. H. Y. Cheh and C. C. Wan, J. Appl. Electrochem. 3, 113 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. A. R. Despic and K. I. Popov, Modern Aspects Electrochem. 7, 199 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. R. Alkire and G. Nicolaides, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 25 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Nobili, Mem. Osservazioni Ed. Erudite (Florence) 1, 56 (1834).

    Google Scholar 

  121. E. Becquerel, Ann. Chim. Phys. Ser. 3 13, 216 (1845).

    Google Scholar 

  122. E. du Bois-Reymond and W. Beetz, Ann. Phys. Chem. (Poggendorff) 71, 71 (1847).

    Google Scholar 

  123. B. Riemann, Ann. Phys. Chem. (Poggendorff) 95, 130 (1855).

    Google Scholar 

  124. H. Weber, J. Reine Ange. Math. (Crelle) 75, 75 (1872); 76, 1 (1873).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Dettner/Elze, Handbuch der Galvanotechnik, Vol. I/1, Carl Hanser Verlag, München (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  126. D. G. Foule, in F. H. Reid and W. Goldie, Gold Plating Technology, p. 67, Electrochemical Publications Limited, London (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  127. International Standard, ISO 2080–1973, definition 235 and 654.

    Google Scholar 

  128. P. Pierini and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 701 (1977); 125, 79 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  129. P. Pierini and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 1348 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. J. J Miksis and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1030 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. R. Caban and T. W. Chapman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1036 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. J. Newman, Electroanalytical Chemistry, A. J. Bard, Ed., Vol. 6, (a) pp. 309–313; (b) pp. 313–338, Marcel Dekker, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  133. H. E. Haring and N. Blum, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 44, 313 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  134. H. S. Carslaw and J. C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  135. L. Nanis and W. Kesselman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 454 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. K. Viswanathan and D. T. Chin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 709 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. P. M. Robertson, Electrochim. Acta 22, 411 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. R. Alkire and P. K. Ng, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1220 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. R. Alkire and A. A. Mirarefi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1043 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. R. Alkire and A. A. Mirarefi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1214 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. R. Alkire and R. Varjian, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 388 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. H. Margenau and G. M. Murphy, The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, Van Nostrand, New York (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  143. P. C. Andricacos, H. Y. Cheh, and H. B. Linford, Plating and Surf. Finishing 64, 42 (July 1977 ); 64, 44 (Sept. 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  144. J. Newman, D. N. Hansson, and K. Vetter, Electrochim. Acta 22, 829 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. P. M. Robertson, F. Schwager, and N. Ibl, J. Electroanal. Chem. 65, 883 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. H. Matsuda, J. Electroanal. Chem. 15, 109, 325 (1967); 21, 433 (1969); 22, 413 (1969); 25, 461 (1970); 35, 77 (1972); 38, 159 (1972); 44, 199 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  147. N. Ibl, IUPAC Information Bulletin, No. 59 (July 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  148. B. Stverak, M. Srb, L. Vrobel, and I. Rousar, Radioisotopy 18, 207 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 88, 56411u (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  149. I. Susuma, U. Yasuo, and I. Toru, Kinzoku Hyomen Gijutsu 30, 17, 22 (1979); Chem. Abstr. 90, 194592w, 212136g (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  150. T. Ryuichi and N. Hideo, Kinzoku Hyomen Gijutsu 27, 676 (1976); Chem. Abstr. 87, 13376y (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  151. A. S. Gorbachev, E. G. Chekunov, I. A. Popova, and E. V. Vtyurina, Zashch. Met. 11, 392 (1975); Chem. Abstr. 83, 105315y (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  152. K. Madry, J. Przyluski, and M. Kozlowski, Chem. Stosow. 22, 389 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 90, 194608f (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  153. A. Tvarusko, Plating 61, 846 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. O. Takeji and U. Nobuyuki, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1, 33 (1979); Chem. Abstr. 90, 129466u (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  155. R. A. Pavlovskii, Elektrokhim. 14, 257 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 89, 13898 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  156. L. I. Kadaner, Z. I. Mikvabiya, and A. I. Korobka, Zh. Vses. Khim. O-va 22, 470 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 87, 174732b (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  157. A. A. Davydenko and N. P. Poddubnyi, Elektrokhim. 14, 1728 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 90, 63484q (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  158. V. T. Ivanov, G. I. Kharitonov, and G. A. Kandrat’eva, Elektrokhim. 11, 1857 (1975); Chem. Abstr. 84, 97118q (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  159. S. I. Korisheh and A. V. Pomosov, Tsvetn. Met. 23, (Aug. 1978); Chem. Abstr. 89, 223014w (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  160. A. G. Hoechst, Neth. Appl. 78, 05, 205 (1979); Chem. Abstr. 90, 159156k (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  161. A. Gerhard, Ger. Offen. 2,342,372 (24 April 1975); Chem. Abstr. 83, 87423a (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  162. W. L. Pinner and E. M. Baker, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 55, 315 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  163. E. A. Svyadoshch, Yu. Ya. Iossel, G. E. Klenov, and A. M. Vishnevskii, Elektrokhim. 14, 219 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 88, 128146m (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  164. E. McCafferty, Corros. Sci. 16, 183 (1976); J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1869 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 85, 132640y (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  165. G. E. Klenov and A. M. Vishnevskii, Zashch. Met. 11, 80 (1975); Chem. Abstr. 82, 177042j (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  166. J. Newman, Int. Corros. Conf. Ser. 45 (1971); Chem. Abstr. 84, 186483x (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  167. E. McCafferty, Chem. Abstr: 83, 87123c (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  168. J. T. Waber, J. Electrochem. Soc. 101, 271 (1954); 102, 240 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  169. W. Engelmaier, Th. Kessler, and R. Alkire, J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 209 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Y. Awakura, A. Ebata, and Y. Kondo, J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 23 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. H. Gu and D. N. Bennion, J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 965 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. J. Riggs, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  173. K. J. Euler and B. Sein, J. Appl. Electrochem. 8, 49 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. L. E. Vaaler, J. Appl. Electrochem. 9, 21 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  175. S. H. Glarum, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 518 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  176. W. H. Smyrl and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1423 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. R. V. Homsy and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 1448 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. G. G. Weiler, Metalloberfläche 30, 26 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  179. K. Zerweck, Metalloberfläche 30, 212 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. C. J. H. King and A. R. Wright, Electrochim. Acta 22, 1135 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. V. I. Belokon, B. B. Chernov and N. Y. Kovarski, Elektrokhim. 11, 1655 (1975); Chem. Abstr. 84, 157119c (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  182. P. Fedkiw, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 1304 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. A. N. Barabotkin, V. T. Ivanov, and G. A. Kondrat’eva, Elektrokhim. 11, 800 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. P. Csokan, Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing 54, Pt. 1, 49 (1976); Chem. Abstr. 85, 84612s (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  185. D. F. Hasko and P. Bujtas, Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing 54 Pt. 1, 35 (1976); Chem. Abstr. 85, 84611r (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  186. K. I. Popov, B. J. Lazarevic, D. N. Keca, M. V. Vojnovic, and D. S. Dojcinovic, Glas. Hem. Drus. Beograd 40, 379 (1975); Chem. Abstr. 85, 84609w, 84610q (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  187. I. G. Shchigorev and V. I. Pisarev, Zashch. Met. 12, 484 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. L. I. Kadaner and Z. I. Mikvabiya, Elektrokhim. 13, 573 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. E. Raub and K. Müller, Metalloberfläche 15, 261, 293 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  190. S. Field, Metal Ind. Lond. 40, 403 (1932); 44, 614 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  191. D. Hutin and F. Coeuret, J. Appl. Electrochem. 7, 463 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. S. Germain and F. Goodridge, Electrochim. Acta 21, 545 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. R. Alkire and Po-Yen Lu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 2118 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. L. C. Pan, Metal Ind. New York 28, 271 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  195. J. Osterwald, Oberfläche-Surf. 17, 89 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. R. N. Fleck, M.S. Thesis, University of California (Sept. 1964) (UCRL-11612).

    Google Scholar 

  197. N. IbI, Surf. Tech. 10, 81 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  198. R. H. Rousselot, J. Rech. CNRS 47, 141 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  199. R. Sautebin, H. Froidevaux, and D. Landolt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 1096 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. M. Datta and D. Landolt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1466 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. D. Landolt, R. H. Muller, and C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 1384 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. R. Sautebin, Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Switzerland (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  203. R. Alkire, T. Bergh, and R. L. Sani, J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 1981 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  204. P. J. Sides and C. W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 288 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 6, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    N. Ibl

Authors
  1. N. Ibl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Ernest Yeager

  2. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    J. O’M. Bockris

  3. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Brian E. Conway

  4. Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, Ohio, USA

    S. Sarangapani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ibl, N. (1983). Current Distribution. In: Yeager, E., Bockris, J.O., Conway, B.E., Sarangapani, S. (eds) Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry. Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6690-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6690-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6692-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6690-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation