Abstract
Corrosion of reinforcing steel and other embedded metals is the leading cause of deterioration in concrete. According to NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers), corrosion is “the destruction of a substance (usually a metal) or its properties because of a reaction with its environment”. The corrosion of structural steel is an electrochemical process that requires the simultaneous presence of moisture and oxygen. Essentially, the iron in the steel is oxidised to produce rust, which occupies a greater volume than the steel. This expansion creates tensile stresses in the concrete, which causes cracking, delamination, and spalling.
Chapter 10 describes some of the corrosion prevention methods to protect steel from corrosion. The protection methods addressed are producing low-permeable concrete, using corrosion-resistant reinforcing bars (stainless, galvanised, epoxy coated, and glass fibre-reinforced polymer bars), concrete surface treatments, corrosion-inhibiting admixture, and electrochemical technique (cathodic protection).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Peter H. Emmons, Concrete Repair and Maintenance Illustrated, R. S Means Company Inc. USA 1993.
Narayan Swamy, Arvind K, Suryavanshi and Shin Tanikawa, Protective Ability of an Acrylic- Based Surface Coating System Against Chloride and Carbonation Penetration into Concrete- ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 95, No.2, April 1998.
AL-Sulaimani, Kaleemullah, Basunbal and Rasheed, Influence of Corrosion and Cracking on Bond Behavior and Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members, ACI Structural Journal, March-April 1990.
ACI 201.2R-92 (Revised 2016), Guide to Durable Concrete.
NRCMA (National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, USA), Concrete in Practice- What, Why & How- Corrosion of Steel in Concrete- www.nrcma.org.
British Standard Institution, BS 8110- Part l: 1985, Structural Use of Concrete: Code of Practice for Design and Construction.
American Concrete Institute (ACI), Publication SP-15(95), Field Reference Manual, ACI 301-96 (Revised 2016).
Ontario Provincial Standard Association- OPSS.PROV1440, Material Specification for Steel Reinforcing in Concrete- November 2014.
ASTM A276/A276M-17, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes.
ASTM A955/A955M - 17a, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
Ontario Provincial Standard Association- OPSS.PROV 905, Construction Specification for Steel Reinforcing in Concrete- November 2014.
Nickel Institute- Stainless Steel Reinforcement- www.nickelinstitute.org.
ASTM A767/A767M – 16, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
International Zinc Association Belgium- Hot dip Galvanized Reinforcing Steel- A Concrete Investment, www.zincworld.org. This Article is based on information provided in the book entitled Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete edited by Stephen R. Yeomans, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia, published by Elsevier Science November 2004.
ASTM D3963/D3963M – 15, Standard Specification for Fabrication and Jobsite Handling of Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars.
Ontario Provincial Standard Association- OPSS-1442, Material Specification for Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel Bars for Concrete- November 2007.
ASTM A775/A775M – 17. Standards Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars.
Ontario Provincial Standard Association- OPSS.MUNI 950, Construction Specification for Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bar- November 2017.
ASTM D578/D578M - 05(2011) Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Strands.
Canadian Standards Association CSA-S807-10 (R2015) - Specification for fiber-reinforced polymers.
Carin L. Roberts- Wollmann- FRP Bars as Internal Reinforcement for Concrete Overview- FRP Showcase 2006- Virginia Department of Transportation.
Greg Illig- Protecting Concrete Tanks in Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants- WWD (Water & Wasts Digest) - December 28, 2000.
Alireza Biparva, Research and Development manager/Concrete Specialist at Kryton International Inc- “Reinforced Concrete Corrosion: A Silent Killer”- Construction Canada, February 2015.
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration- “Materials and Methods for Corrosion Control of Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete Structures in New Construction- Publication No: 00.081” August 2000.
Vinod Kumar- Protection of Steel Reinforcement for Concrete: A Review. R & D Centre for Iron & Steel, Steel Authority of India Limited- RANCHI - 834 002 (BIHAR) INDIA.
ACI 224R-01 (Reapproved 2008), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
Emmanuel E. Velivasakis, Sten K. Henriksen and David W. Whitmore, Halting Corrosion by Chloride Extraction and Re-alkalization, ACI Vol. 19, No. 12, 1997.
Miki Funahashi, Cathodic Protection Systems For New RC Structures, ACI Journal, Concrete International- Vol 17, No. 7, July 1995.
Steven F. Daily, Corrpro Companies, Inc. Understanding Corrosion and Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
Hubert Woods, Durability of Concrete Construction, ACI Monograph No. $, USA 1984.
PCA- Portland Cement Association, Corrosion of Embedded Metals, Skokie, Illinois USA, 2007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Surahyo, A. (2019). Corrosion of Embedded Metals in Concrete. In: Concrete Construction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10510-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10510-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10509-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10510-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)