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2013 | Buch

Current Status of Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

A Practical Guide to the Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid, Oleums, and Sulfonating Agents

verfasst von: Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This critical volume provides practical insights on sulfuric acid and related plant design and on techniques to improve and enhance substantially the efficiency of an existing plant by means of small modifications. The book provides readers with a better understanding of the state-of-art in sulfuric acid manufacture as well as, importantly, in the manufacture of value-added products based on sulfur that are also associated with the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Overall, engineers and plant managers will be introduced to technologies for making their sulfuric acid enterprises more productive, remunerative, and environmentally friendly. A Practical Guide to the Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid, Oleums, and Sulfonating Agents covers sulfuric acid and derivative chemical plant details from the nuts-and-bolts level to a holistic perspective based on actual field experience. The book is indispensable to anyone involved in implementing a sulfuric acid or related chemical plant.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Current Status of Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Abstract
Sulfuric acid was known to medieval alchemists under a variety of names including oil of vitriol and spirit of vitriol. These substances were produced by the dry distillation of minerals including iron (bivalent) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO4•7H2O known as green vitriol and copper (bivalent) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4•5H2O known as blue vitriol. When heated, these compounds decompose into iron and copper oxides, respectively, giving off water and sulfur trioxide, the two of which combine to produce a dilute solution of sulfuric acid. Preparations like these have been ascribed to alchemists including the twelfth century Arab Abou Bekr al-Rhases and the thirteenth century German Albertus Magnus.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
2. Processes of Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Abstract
The processes for the manufacture of sulfuric acid can be classified on the basis of raw materials used:
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
3. Sulfuric Acid Plant with Cogeneration of Power
Abstract
Earlier designs of sulfuric acid plants preferred minimizing initial capital cost and hence heat recovery equipment was not common. For example, these designs had atmospheric cooling ducts, air cooled heat exchangers, or air injection facilities instead of waste heat recovery boilers and economisers.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
4. Sulfonating Agents and Derivatives Based on Sulfuric Acid
Abstract
Sulfuric acid is called the king of chemicals. The first step to produce a useful product is sulfonation. Since the direct use of sulfuric acid is not feasible in all applications, the following auxiliary agents do play an important role. These are:
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
5. Innovations/Modifications in the technology for the manufacture of Sulphuric Acid
Abstract
As the manufacture of sulfuric acid has increased over the years, plant designers, operators, and maintenance engineers have developed and improved the technology for its manufacture, leading to more efficient plants. These developments are briefly presented as improvements/innovations in process, catalyst, plant equipment, etc.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
6. Equipment Required for Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid, Oleum, and Liquid SO3
Abstract
The following discusses the major equipment and facilities required for producing commercial grade sulfuric acid from sulfur as the main raw material by the DCDA process. Additional equipment required for producing the acid from sulfide ores is also mentioned. This list is not exhaustive.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
7. Materials of Construction of Main Equipments
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
8. Safety Precautions
Abstract
Always remember that this is a chemical industry handling corrosive and dangerous chemicals.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
9. Economic Considerations
Abstract
The manufacture of sulfuric acid has become very competitive all over the world due to the availability of large quantities of by-product sulfuric acid from metallurgical plants based on copper pyrites, zinc pyrites, iron pyrites, etc. Moreover, many consumers of sulfuric acid have started using waste sulfuric acid available at a much lower price instead of the fresh acid. The spread of sulfuric acid manufacturing plants has made it uneconomical to transport the acid safely over long distances. It has thus become imperative to explore markets for the acid in nearby areas only. In many countries the plants are located inland away from ports where sulfur is not available locally. The long distances from the ports involved in these countries increases the cost of transportation of sulfur to the plant site. It is customary to use tankers having capacities of 40–60 MT to reduce the cost of transportation. However this increases the risk of leakage during transport. Special regulations are imposed by each country in order to safeguard the surrounding environment.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
10. Future Developments
Abstract
The technology for the manufacture of sulfuric acid is well established throughout the world. However, the following areas should continue to be addressed in order to improve the working and, hence, the profitability of these plants.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
11. Cold Process of Manufacturing Sulfuric Acid and Sulfonating Agents
[Patented by Navdeep Enviro and Technical Services (NEAT)]
Abstract
With the increase in cost of refractories, acid proof bricks, special quality mild steel, boiler tubes, alloy steels, etc., an innovative process is emerging in the manufacture of sulfuric acid and sulfonating agents.
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
12. Storage, Handling, and Properties of Sulfur, Sulfuric Acid, Oleum, and Liquid SO3
Abstract
Storage, handling and safety
Navin G. Ashar, Kiran R. Golwalkar
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
A Practical Guide to the Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid, Oleums, and Sulfonating Agents
verfasst von
Navin G. Ashar
Kiran R. Golwalkar
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-02042-6
Print ISBN
978-3-319-02041-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02042-6