Skip to main content

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Interacting with Modal Logics in the Coq Proof Assistant

verfasst von : Christoph Benzmüller, Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo

Erschienen in: Computer Science -- Theory and Applications

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper describes an embedding of higher-order modal logics in the Coq proof assistant. Coq’s capabilities are used to implement modal logics in a minimalistic manner, which is nevertheless sufficient for the formalization of significant, non-trivial modal logic proofs. The elegance, flexibility and convenience of this approach, from a user perspective, are illustrated here with the successful formalization of Gödel’s ontological argument.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The Coq proof assistant was chosen because of the authors’ greater familiarity with the tactic language of this system. Nevertheless, the techniques presented here are likely to be useful for other proof assistants (e.g. Isabelle [15], HOL-Light [14]).
 
2
The keyword https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20297-6_25/339533_1_En_25_IEq12_HTML.gif indicates a lambda abstraction: https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20297-6_25/339533_1_En_25_IEq13_HTML.gif denotes the function \(\lambda x:t.p\), which takes an argument x (of type t) and returns p.
 
3
The underlying proof system of Coq (the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC) [18]) is actually more sophisticated and minimalistic than the calculus shown in Fig. 1. But the calculus shown here suffices for the purposes of this paper. This calculus is classical, because of the double negation elimination rule. Although CIC is intuitionistic, it can be made classical by importing Coq ’s classical library, which adds the axiom of the excluded middle and the double negation elimination lemma.
 
4
The ND calculus with the rules from Figs. 1 and 2 is sound and complete relatively to the calculus of Fig.  1 extended with a necessitation rule and the modal axiom K [22]. Starting from a sound and Henkin-complete ND calculus for classical higher-order logic (cf. Fig. 1), the additional modal rules in Fig. 2 make it sound and Henkin-complete for the rigid higher-order modal logic K.
 
5
The proofs found automatically by the above provers indeed differ from the one presented here: e.g., the strong S5 principle used below (and by Scott) is not needed; the ATP proofs only rely on axiom B.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Paleo, B.W.: Formalization, mechanization and automation of Gödel’s proof of god’s existence. CoRR, abs/1308.4526 (2013) Benzmüller, C., Paleo, B.W.: Formalization, mechanization and automation of Gödel’s proof of god’s existence. CoRR, abs/1308.4526 (2013)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Paleo, B.W.: Gödel’s God inIsabelle/HOL. Archive of Formal Proofs, 2013 (2013) Benzmüller, C., Paleo, B.W.: Gödel’s God inIsabelle/HOL. Archive of Formal Proofs, 2013 (2013)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Paulson, L.C.: Exploring properties of normal multimodal logics in simple type theory with LEO-II. In: Festschrift in Honor of Peter B. Andrews on His 70th Birthday, pp. 386–406. College Publications (2008) Benzmüller, C., Paulson, L.C.: Exploring properties of normal multimodal logics in simple type theory with LEO-II. In: Festschrift in Honor of Peter B. Andrews on His 70th Birthday, pp. 386–406. College Publications (2008)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Paulson, L.C.: Quantified multimodal logics in simple type theory. Logica Universalis (Special Issue on Multimodal Logics) 7(1), 7–20 (2013)MATHCrossRef Benzmüller, C., Paulson, L.C.: Quantified multimodal logics in simple type theory. Logica Universalis (Special Issue on Multimodal Logics) 7(1), 7–20 (2013)MATHCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C.E., Paulson, L.C., Theiss, F., Fietzke, A.: LEO-II - a cooperative automatic theorem prover for classical higher-order logic (system description). In: Armando, A., Baumgartner, P., Dowek, G. (eds.) IJCAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5195, pp. 162–170. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef Benzmüller, C.E., Paulson, L.C., Theiss, F., Fietzke, A.: LEO-II - a cooperative automatic theorem prover for classical higher-order logic (system description). In: Armando, A., Baumgartner, P., Dowek, G. (eds.) IJCAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5195, pp. 162–170. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Brown, C.E., Kohlhase, M.: Higher-order semantics and extensionality. J. Symb. Log. 69(4), 1027–1088 (2004)MATHCrossRef Benzmüller, C., Brown, C.E., Kohlhase, M.: Higher-order semantics and extensionality. J. Symb. Log. 69(4), 1027–1088 (2004)MATHCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzmüller, C., Otten, J., Raths, T.: Implementing and evaluating provers for first-order modal logics. In: ECAI 2012–20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 163–168 (2012) Benzmüller, C., Otten, J., Raths, T.: Implementing and evaluating provers for first-order modal logics. In: ECAI 2012–20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 163–168 (2012)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackburn, P., Benthem, J.v., Wolter, F.: Handbook of Modal Logic. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006) Blackburn, P., Benthem, J.v., Wolter, F.: Handbook of Modal Logic. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, C.E.: Satallax: an automatic higher-order prover. In: Gramlich, B., Miller, D., Sattler, U. (eds.) IJCAR 2012. LNCS, vol. 7364, pp. 111–117. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) CrossRef Brown, C.E.: Satallax: an automatic higher-order prover. In: Gramlich, B., Miller, D., Sattler, U. (eds.) IJCAR 2012. LNCS, vol. 7364, pp. 111–117. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitting, M.: Types, Tableaux and Gödel’s God. Kluver Academic Press, Dordrecht (2002) Fitting, M.: Types, Tableaux and Gödel’s God. Kluver Academic Press, Dordrecht (2002)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabbay, D.M.: Labelled Deductive Systems. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1996) MATH Gabbay, D.M.: Labelled Deductive Systems. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1996) MATH
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gödel, K.: Ontological proof. In: Gödel, K.: Collected Works, Unpublished Essays and Letters. vol. 3, pp. 403–404. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1970) Gödel, K.: Ontological proof. In: Gödel, K.: Collected Works, Unpublished Essays and Letters. vol. 3, pp. 403–404. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1970)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison, J.: HOL light: an overview. In: Berghofer, S., Nipkow, T., Urban, C., Wenzel, M. (eds.) TPHOLs 2009. LNCS, vol. 5674, pp. 60–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef Harrison, J.: HOL light: an overview. In: Berghofer, S., Nipkow, T., Urban, C., Wenzel, M. (eds.) TPHOLs 2009. LNCS, vol. 5674, pp. 60–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Nipkow, T., Paulson, L.C., Wenzel, M. (eds.): Isabelle/HOL. LNCS, vol. 2283. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) MATH Nipkow, T., Paulson, L.C., Wenzel, M. (eds.): Isabelle/HOL. LNCS, vol. 2283. Springer, Heidelberg (2002) MATH
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Oppenheimer, P.E., Zalta, E.N.: A computationally-discovered simplification of the ontological argument. Australas. J. Philos. 2(89), 333–349 (2011)CrossRef Oppenheimer, P.E., Zalta, E.N.: A computationally-discovered simplification of the ontological argument. Australas. J. Philos. 2(89), 333–349 (2011)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Paulin-Mohring, C.: Introduction to the calculus of inductive constructions. In: Delahaye, D., Paleo, B.W. (eds.) All about Proofs, Proofs for All. Mathematical Logic and Foundations. College Publications, London (2015) Paulin-Mohring, C.: Introduction to the calculus of inductive constructions. In: Delahaye, D., Paleo, B.W. (eds.) All about Proofs, Proofs for All. Mathematical Logic and Foundations. College Publications, London (2015)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Rushby, J.: The ontological argument in PVS. In: Proceedings of CAV Workshop Fun With Formal Methods, St. Petersburg, Russia (2013) Rushby, J.: The ontological argument in PVS. In: Proceedings of CAV Workshop Fun With Formal Methods, St. Petersburg, Russia (2013)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Scott, D.: Appendix B. Notes in Dana Scott’s hand. In: [24] (2004) Scott, D.: Appendix B. Notes in Dana Scott’s hand. In: [24] (2004)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sobel, J.H.: Gödel’s ontological proof. In: On Being and Saying. Essays for Richard Cartwright, pp. 241–261. MIT Press, Cambridge (1987) Sobel, J.H.: Gödel’s ontological proof. In: On Being and Saying. Essays for Richard Cartwright, pp. 241–261. MIT Press, Cambridge (1987)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Sobel, J.H.: Logic and Theism: Arguments for and Against Beliefs in God. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004) Sobel, J.H.: Logic and Theism: Arguments for and Against Beliefs in God. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Metadaten
Titel
Interacting with Modal Logics in the Coq Proof Assistant
verfasst von
Christoph Benzmüller
Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20297-6_25