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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Extremes and Decadal Variations in the Baltic Sea Wave Conditions

verfasst von : Tarmo Soomere

Erschienen in: Extreme Ocean Waves

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Average and extreme wave conditions, their seasonal cycle and decadal variations, and extreme wave storms in Baltic Sea Proper and in the largest sub-basins of this sea are studied based on long-term time instrumentally measured time series of wave properties at Almagrundet and the Darss Sill, visual wave observations from several coastal sites of the eastern Baltic Sea, wave statistics from the northern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland, long-term reconstructions of the wave climate and numerical modelling of an extreme wave storm. The wave climate is highly intermittent and occasionally contains very strong wave storms. Significant wave heights \(H_S \ge 4\) m occur with a probability of about 1 % among all wave fields in the open Baltic Proper. Extreme wave conditions with \(H_S \ge 7\) m occur approximately twice in a decade. The overall recorded maximum \(H_S \) is 8.2 m. The estimated maximum of \(H_S \) was about 9.5 m in cyclone Gudrun in January 2005. No clear trend exists in the wave properties in the Baltic Sea. The 99 %-iles of the significant wave height exhibit a complicated spatial pattern of changes and have significantly decreased between the islands of Öland and Gotland and to the south of these islands.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Searching for Factors that Limit Observed Extreme Maximum Wave Height Distributions in the North Sea

Nächstes Kapitel Runup of Long Irregular Waves on Plane Beach

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Titel: Extremes and Decadal Variations in the Baltic Sea Wave Conditions
verfasst von: Tarmo Soomere
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Extreme Ocean Waves
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21574-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-21575-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21575-4_7