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Cultural and Integrated Control of Botrytis spp.

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Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems

Abstract

Epidemics of Botrytis-incited grey mould are common in open fields, orchards and greenhouses. These infections are promoted by high humidity and the presence of a film of water on susceptible plant organs and those conditions may be manipulated to prevent infection. Traditionally, heating greenhouses was a popular means of controlling the humidity in those structures and this practice remains popular in some temperate regions. However, the cost of active heating has forced farmers in some regions to abandon this disease-management strategy, which has led to the increased incidence and severity of grey mould, as susceptible organs of the crop plants remain wet for longer periods of time. Cultural methods for controlling Botrytis-incited disease include reducing the planting density, managing the crop canopy to allow for the aeration of the crop or susceptible organs via passive and active ventilation, fertigation with increased levels of potassium and calcium and reduced amounts of nitrogen, the use of soil mulch and passive solar heating of unheated greenhouses, avoiding harvesting on rainy days, and timing fungicide applications for the optimal protection of fresh harvest wounds and so that the crop remains wet for shorter periods of time. Row and field positioning and direction can affect grey mould as these factors affect local air movement and temporal temperature changes. A combination of treatments can provide better grey mould suppression than individual treatments and appropriate integration of control measures can provide sufficient disease control with minimal use of chemical fungicides.

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  1. Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Yigal Elad

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  1. Centre de Versailles-Grignon, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Sabine Fillinger

  2. Dept. Plant Path. and Weed Res., ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel

    Yigal Elad

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Elad, Y. (2016). Cultural and Integrated Control of Botrytis spp.. In: Fillinger, S., Elad, Y. (eds) Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23371-0_8

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