“Go Ahead, Please”: Recognition and Resolution of Conflict Situations in Narrow Passages for Polite Mobile Robot Navigation

For a mobile assistive robot operating in a human-populated environment, a polite navigation is an important requirement for the social acceptance. When operating in a confined environment, narrow passages can lead to deadlock situations with persons. In our approach we distinguish two types of deadlock situations at narrow passages, in which the robot lets the conflicting person pass, and either waits in a non-disturbing waiting position, or forms a queue with that person. Forthcoming deadlock situations are captured by a set of qualitative features. As part of these features, we detect narrow passages with a raycasting approach and predict the movement of persons. In contrast to numerical features, the qualitative description forms a more compact human-understandable space allowing to employ a rule-based decision tree to classify the considered situation types. To determine a non-disturbing waiting position, a multi-criteria optimization approach is used together with the Particle Swarm Optimization as solver. In field tests, we evaluated our approach for deadlock recognition in a hospital environment with narrow corridors.