Skip to main content

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Vygotsky Based Sequencing Without Domain Information: A Matrix Factorization Approach

verfasst von : Carlotta Schatten, Ruth Janning, Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Erschienen in: Computer Supported Education

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Sequencing contents, like tasks, hints, and feedbacks, is an open issue for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. The common approach is based on domain analysis by experts, who characterize each content with skills involved and a difficulty level. In addition, Machine Learning based sequencers require a specific dataset collection to create users’ models and a sequencing policy, which needs to be tested online with strong ethical requirements and a high number of users. In this paper we design a simulated learning environment with customizable scenarios. We also show that a performance prediction method can be used to crate offline fully personalized students’ models and sequence contents without domain engineering/authoring effort. The performance prediction method is enhanced by a score-based policy inspired by Vygotsky’s concept of Zone of Proximal Development and shows promising results compared to curriculum based policies in the designed simulated environment.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The MF was previously trained with \(n_s\) students that were used to learn the characteristic of the contents. Consequently, the dimensions of the MF during the simulated learning process are: \(\varPsi \in \mathbb {R}^{n_c\times P}\) and \(\varPhi \in \mathbb {R}^{(n_s+n_t)\times P}\), so that \(Y \approx \hat{Y} = \varPsi \varPhi \).
 
2
A content with ID 2 is easier than a content with ID 100, see Fig. 3.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck, J., Woolf, B.P., Beal, C.R.: Advisor: a machine learning architecture for intelligent tutor construction. In: AAAI/IAAI 2000, pp. 552–557 (2000) Beck, J., Woolf, B.P., Beal, C.R.: Advisor: a machine learning architecture for intelligent tutor construction. In: AAAI/IAAI 2000, pp. 552–557 (2000)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Chi, M., VanLehn, K., Litman, D., Jordan, P.: Empirically evaluating the application of reinforcement learning to the induction of effective and adaptive pedagogical strategies. UMAI 21(1–2), 137–180 (2011) Chi, M., VanLehn, K., Litman, D., Jordan, P.: Empirically evaluating the application of reinforcement learning to the induction of effective and adaptive pedagogical strategies. UMAI 21(1–2), 137–180 (2011)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Cichocki, A., Zdunek, R., Phan, A.H., Amari, S.: Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations: Applications to Exploratory Multi-way Data Analysis and Blind Source Separation. Wiley, Chichester (2009). Wiley.com CrossRef Cichocki, A., Zdunek, R., Phan, A.H., Amari, S.: Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations: Applications to Exploratory Multi-way Data Analysis and Blind Source Separation. Wiley, Chichester (2009). Wiley.​com CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Corbett, A., Anderson, J.: Knowledge tracing: modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. UMAI 4(4), 253–278 (1994) Corbett, A., Anderson, J.: Knowledge tracing: modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. UMAI 4(4), 253–278 (1994)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Baker, R.S.J., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V.: More accurate student modeling through contextual estimation of slip and Guess probabilities in Bayesian knowledge tracing. In: Woolf, B.P., Aïmeur, E., Nkambou, R., Lajoie, S. (eds.) ITS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5091, pp. 406–415. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef Baker, R.S.J., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V.: More accurate student modeling through contextual estimation of slip and Guess probabilities in Bayesian knowledge tracing. In: Woolf, B.P., Aïmeur, E., Nkambou, R., Lajoie, S. (eds.) ITS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5091, pp. 406–415. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Janning, R., Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Feature analysis for affect recognition supporting task sequencing in adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. In: Rensing, C., de Freitas, S., Ley, T., Muñoz-Merino, P.J. (eds.) EC-TEL 2014. LNCS, vol. 8719, pp. 179–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) Janning, R., Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Feature analysis for affect recognition supporting task sequencing in adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. In: Rensing, C., de Freitas, S., Ley, T., Muñoz-Merino, P.J. (eds.) EC-TEL 2014. LNCS, vol. 8719, pp. 179–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Janning, R., Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Multimodal affect recognition for adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. In: FFMI EDM (2014) Janning, R., Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Multimodal affect recognition for adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. In: FFMI EDM (2014)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Koedinger, K., Pavlik, P., Stamper, J., Nixon, T., Ritter, S.: Avoiding problem selection thrashing with conjunctive knowledge tracing. In: EDM (2011) Koedinger, K., Pavlik, P., Stamper, J., Nixon, T., Ritter, S.: Avoiding problem selection thrashing with conjunctive knowledge tracing. In: EDM (2011)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Konda, V.R., Tsitsiklis, J.N.: Actor-critic algorithms. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 12, 1008–1014 (2000)MATH Konda, V.R., Tsitsiklis, J.N.: Actor-critic algorithms. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 12, 1008–1014 (2000)MATH
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Koren, Y., Bell, R., Volinsky, C.: Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems. Computer 42(8), 30–37 (2009)CrossRef Koren, Y., Bell, R., Volinsky, C.: Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems. Computer 42(8), 30–37 (2009)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Krohn-Grimberghe, A., Busche, A., Nanopoulos, A., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Active learning for technology enhanced learning. In: Kloos, C.D., Gillet, D., Crespo García, R.M., Wild, F., Wolpers, M. (eds.) EC-TEL 2011. LNCS, vol. 6964, pp. 512–518. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef Krohn-Grimberghe, A., Busche, A., Nanopoulos, A., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Active learning for technology enhanced learning. In: Kloos, C.D., Gillet, D., Crespo García, R.M., Wild, F., Wolpers, M. (eds.) EC-TEL 2011. LNCS, vol. 6964, pp. 512–518. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Malpani, A., Ravindran, B., Murthy, H.: Personalized intelligent tutoring system using reinforcement learning. In: FLAIRS (2011) Malpani, A., Ravindran, B., Murthy, H.: Personalized intelligent tutoring system using reinforcement learning. In: FLAIRS (2011)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pardos, Z.A., Heffernan, N.T.: Modeling individualization in a bayesian networks implementation of knowledge tracing. In: De Bra, P., Kobsa, A., Chin, D. (eds.) UMAP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6075, pp. 255–266. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) CrossRef Pardos, Z.A., Heffernan, N.T.: Modeling individualization in a bayesian networks implementation of knowledge tracing. In: De Bra, P., Kobsa, A., Chin, D. (eds.) UMAP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6075, pp. 255–266. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Pardos, Z.A., Heffernan, N.T.: KT-IDEM: introducing item difficulty to the knowledge tracing model. In: Konstan, J.A., Conejo, R., Marzo, J.L., Oliver, N. (eds.) UMAP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6787, pp. 243–254. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef Pardos, Z.A., Heffernan, N.T.: KT-IDEM: introducing item difficulty to the knowledge tracing model. In: Konstan, J.A., Conejo, R., Marzo, J.L., Oliver, N. (eds.) UMAP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6787, pp. 243–254. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Cen, H., Pavlik, P., Koedinger, K.: Performance factors analysis–a new alternative to knowledge tracing. In: AIED (2009) Cen, H., Pavlik, P., Koedinger, K.: Performance factors analysis–a new alternative to knowledge tracing. In: AIED (2009)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sreenivasa, B.H., Ravindran, B.: Intelligent tutoring systems using reinforcement learning to teach autistic students. Home Informatics and Telematics: ICT for The Next Billion. IFIP, vol. 241, pp. 65–78. Springer, New York (2007) CrossRef Sreenivasa, B.H., Ravindran, B.: Intelligent tutoring systems using reinforcement learning to teach autistic students. Home Informatics and Telematics: ICT for The Next Billion. IFIP, vol. 241, pp. 65–78. Springer, New York (2007) CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Schatten, C., Mavrikis, M., Janning, R., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Matrix factorization feasibility for sequencing and adaptive support in its. In: EDM (2014) Schatten, C., Mavrikis, M., Janning, R., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Matrix factorization feasibility for sequencing and adaptive support in its. In: EDM (2014)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Adaptive content sequencing without domain information. In: CSEDU (2014) Schatten, C., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Adaptive content sequencing without domain information. In: CSEDU (2014)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Schatten, C., Wistuba, M., Schmidt-Thieme, L., Gutirrez-Santos, S.: Minimal invasive integration of learning analytics services in its. In: ICALT (2014) Schatten, C., Wistuba, M., Schmidt-Thieme, L., Gutirrez-Santos, S.: Minimal invasive integration of learning analytics services in its. In: ICALT (2014)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, New York (1998) Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, New York (1998)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Thai-Nghe, N., Drumond, L., Horvath, T., Krohn-Grimberghe, A., Nanopoulos, A., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Factorization Techniques for Predicting Student Performance. Educational Recommender Systems and Technologies: Practices and Challenges. IGI Global, Hershey (2011) Thai-Nghe, N., Drumond, L., Horvath, T., Krohn-Grimberghe, A., Nanopoulos, A., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Factorization Techniques for Predicting Student Performance. Educational Recommender Systems and Technologies: Practices and Challenges. IGI Global, Hershey (2011)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Thai-Nghe, N., Drumond, L., Horvath, T., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Using factorization machines for student modeling. In: UMAP Workshops (2012) Thai-Nghe, N., Drumond, L., Horvath, T., Schmidt-Thieme, L.: Using factorization machines for student modeling. In: UMAP Workshops (2012)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Vygotsky, L.S.: Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. HUP, Cambridge (1978) Vygotsky, L.S.: Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. HUP, Cambridge (1978)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, Y., Heffernan, N.T.: The student skill model. In: Cerri, S.A., Clancey, W.J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7315, pp. 399–404. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) CrossRef Wang, Y., Heffernan, N.T.: The student skill model. In: Cerri, S.A., Clancey, W.J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7315, pp. 399–404. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Vygotsky Based Sequencing Without Domain Information: A Matrix Factorization Approach
verfasst von
Carlotta Schatten
Ruth Janning
Lars Schmidt-Thieme
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25768-6_3