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2017 | Buch

Mass Spectrometry

A Textbook

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Über dieses Buch

This third edition of the highly successful textbook, acclaimed for its comprehensiveness, accuracy, and excellent illustrations and photographs now comes with updated coverage plus numerous didactical improvements:

The number of figures has notably increased, with about one third of them now presented in color. More photographs and schematics make it easier to understand and provide valuable insights into the practical aspects of instrumentation and procedures.

Flow charts describe procedures and approaches to mass spectral interpretation and aid in decision making.

Bulleted enumerations offer a quick overview wherever several features, arguments, assumptions, or properties of a subject call for clear presentation.

Examples and notes now come with a short subheading that immediately conveys what this section is about. More examples, especially of methods and applications are given and some how-to-style paragraphs provide practical guidance.

Each chapter ends with a concise summary that is subdivided into compact sections highlighting the basics of the subject, its figures of merit, typical applications, and its role in current mass spectromety. In the case of instrumentation (chapter 4), there are even summaries covering mass analyzers type by type.

Digital object identifiers (DOIs) are now included to facilitate retrieval of references.

All of this is presented in a new, attractive layout.

The book’s website provides exercises and supplementary material (www.ms-textbook.com).

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
  • The relevance of mass spectrometry
  • Mass spectrometry – Basic concepts
  • How mass spectra are displayed and communicated
  • The performance features of mass spectrometry
  • Basic terminology and conventions in data presentation
  • Aims and scope and general organization of this textbook
Jürgen H. Gross
2. Principles of Ionization and Ion Dissociation
Abstract
  • Electron ionization process and ionization energy
  • Internal energy of ions and internal energy distribution
  • Energetic considerations governing the fragmentation of excited ions
  • Quasi-equilibrium theory and rates of unimolecular dissociations
  • Time scale of mass spectrometry
  • Selected tools of gas phase ion chemistry
  • Ion–molecule reactions
Jürgen H. Gross
3. Isotopic Composition and Accurate Mass
Abstract
  • Isotopic composition of elements and their effect on mass spectra
  • Translation of isotopic abundances into mass spectral patterns
  • Analytical information from isotopic patterns
  • Nominal and accurate mass of molecules and ions
  • Mass resolution and its effects on isotopic patterns and mass accuracy
  • Accurate mass as a tool for determining molecular formulas
  • Ultrahigh resolution – aspects and applications
  • Relevance of these topics for all types of mass spectral analyses
Jürgen H. Gross
4. Instrumentation
Abstract
  • Separating ions by m/z–basic principles
  • Mass analyzers as designed from basic principles
  • Types of mass analyzers and their modes of operation
  • Guiding, collimating, and focusing ions along a path
  • Hybrid instruments including ion mobility-mass spectrometry
  • Detectors for mass-analyzed ions
  • Vacuum generation for mass spectrometry
  • Ability to judge fitness for purpose of commercial instruments
Jürgen H. Gross
5. Practical Aspects of Electron Ionization
Abstract
  • Electron ionization ion sources – construction and operation
  • Generating primary electrons for electron ionization
  • Sample introduction into EI ion sources – methods and devices
  • Databases of EI mass spectra
Jürgen H. Gross
6. Fragmentation of Organic Ions and Interpretation of EI Mass Spectra
Abstract
  • Fragmentation reactions of organic ions
  • Competing fragmentation pathways
  • Bond cleavages of radical ions
  • Bond cleavages of non-radical ions
  • Rearrangement fragmentations
  • Fragmentation reactions of important compound classes
  • Characteristic ions and typical neutral losses
  • Distonic ions and ion–neutral complexes
  • Extracting structural information from mass spectra – tools and rules
  • Interpreting mass spectra – systematic approaches
Jürgen H. Gross
7. Chemical Ionization
Abstract
  • Ion formation by ion–molecule reactions
  • Processes of positive-ion formation other than electron ionization
  • Pathways of negative-ion formation
  • Softness of chemical ionization techniques
  • Applications of chemical ionization mass spectrometry
  • Chemical ionization processes at atmospheric pressure
  • Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
  • Atmospheric pressure photoionization
  • Overview of chemical ionization techniques
Jürgen H. Gross
8. Field Ionization and Field Desorption
Abstract
  • Ion formation by action of very strong electric fields
  • Desorption of ions into the gas phase by strong electric fields
  • Softness of field ionization and field desorption
  • Methods of sample introduction for field ionization and field desorption
  • General properties and fields of application of the title methods
  • Applications to air- and moisture-sensitive samples
  • Complex mixture analysis by combining gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry with field ionization and field desorption
Jürgen H. Gross
9. Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
  • Tandem MS – concepts and terminology
  • Modes of operation
  • Different instrumental platforms
  • Methods of ion activation to induce dissociation
  • Applications to analytical problems
  • Versatile tool for gas phase ion chemistry
Jürgen H. Gross
10. Fast Atom Bombardment
Abstract
  • Ablating action of energetic particles on surfaces
  • Secondary ion formation by impact of primary ions and neutrals
  • Desorption of ions from condensed phase into the gas phase
  • Moderating effect of a liquid matrix
  • FAB and LSIMS – general properties and applications
  • Air- and moisture-sensitive samples
  • Related desorption/ionization techniques based on particle impact
Jürgen H. Gross
11. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
Abstract
  • Pulsed laser light as a source of energy for desorption and ionization
  • Ion formation from thin solid layers
  • Matrix assistance as a key to soft desorption/ionization
  • Ionization in an inherently pulsed mode
  • Applications for small molecules, synthetic polymers, and biomolecules
  • Vacuum and atmospheric pressure sources for MALDI
  • MALDI imaging techniques
Jürgen H. Gross
12. Electrospray Ionization
Abstract
  • Electrospray – a method of ion formation at atmospheric pressure
  • Interfacing atmospheric pressure ionization to analyzer high vacuum
  • Spraying of electrolytic solutions by action of an electrostatic field
  • Processes of ion liberation from electrolytic solutions
  • Formation of multiply charged ions and charge deconvolution
  • Small molecules analysis by electrospray ionization
  • High-mass and high-polarity capabilities of electrospray ionization
Jürgen H. Gross
13. Ambient Desorption/Ionization
Abstract
  • Ion formation under ambient conditions
  • Interfaces for ambient desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry
  • Screening techniques for rapid quality control and safety applications
  • Real time examination of samples during physical manipulation
Jürgen H. Gross
14. Hyphenated Methods
Abstract
  • Concept of chromatographic separation
  • One-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography
  • Liquid chromatography in various pressure regimes
  • Concept and technical aspects of coupling of separation methods to MS
  • Basics of quantitation by MS
  • Tandem MS modes for improved selectivity
  • Applications of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry
  • Tandem MS as a complement for chromatography coupling
  • Ultrahigh resolution as a complement for chromatography coupling
Jürgen H. Gross
15. Inorganic Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
  • Ionization of inorganic samples
  • Elemental analysis by MS – special instrumentation
  • Accurate isotopic compositions
  • Lateral distribution of elements and mass spectral imaging
  • Elemental MS for assessing biological systems
  • Element speciation in organic materials and biological tissues
Jürgen H. Gross
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Mass Spectrometry
verfasst von
Jürgen H Gross
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-54398-7
Print ISBN
978-3-319-54397-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7