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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. The Narratives of ‘In-Between’

verfasst von : M. Reza Shirazi

Erschienen in: Contemporary Architecture and Urbanism in Iran

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter provides space for the three architects, Kamran Diba, Nader Ardalan and Hossein Amanat, to express their obsessions and intentions in listening to the voice of place, discovering the demands of land, responding to them, and hence creating their narrative of ‘space-in-between’. In this regard, I asked the above-mentioned figures to describe how they realized the necessity of resisting dominant trends and managed to find their own unique approach. Based on a challenging but informative written exchange and dialogue (designed to be tailor-made for each individual), these three prominent figures, who are now active in their profession, and in research and teaching, provide us with first-hand explanations of their original endeavours regarding the creation and narration of ‘space-in-between’ in their work. All interviews were conducted over the last 2 years; the final versions were received in April 2017.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Space-in-Between

Nächstes Kapitel The Post-revolutionary ‘In-Between’

Oswald Mathias Ungers (1926–2007) was a German architect and architectural theorist with a rationalist approach. In 1968 he became a professor at Cornell University, a position he held up to 1975.

Here Diba is referring to recent renovations and criticizes new interventions which have damaged the original concept.

See Diba (1981: 8).

Diba was the master planner of the historic city of Dezful.

Josef Albers (1888–1976) was a German-American artist and educator, famous for his abstract paintings. He was invited by Walter Gropius to teach at the Bauhaus, where he became a professor. Under the Nazis he emigrated to the US and later held the post of professor at Yale University. Annelise (Anni) Albers (1899–1994) was a German-American textile artist, who ran several exhibitions worldwide. In 1925, Josef and Anni were married.

Fumihiko Maki is a Japanese architect (born 1925, Tokyo) and a member of Metabolism. Metabolism architecture advocated large-scale mega structures based on organic biological order.

Felix Candela (1910–1997) was a Spanish-American famous for his contribution to the development of thin shells made out of reinforced concrete, known as cascarones.

Professor Hans Vetter (1897–1963) was an Austrian architect and author.

Ernest Tatham Richmond (15 August 1874–5 March 1955) was a British architect and worked in different places such as Egypt, Britain, France and the Holy Land. After the First World War he was recruited as Consulting Architect for Jerusalem.

Sir Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell (13 September 1879–8 April 1974) was an English architectural historian. He wrote and published extensively on Islamic Architecture in Egypt.

Ralph Rapson (1914–2008) was an architect and educator. For several years he was the head of architecture at the University of Minnesota. He was an advocator of the modernist style and Bauhaus principles.

Jerzy Soltan (1913–2005) was a Polish architect, who worked with Le Corbusier, and was Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at Harvard University, Graduate School of Design.

Mohammad Amin (Dariush) Mirfenderski (1931–2009) was an Iranian architect and educator. He graduated from the University of Florence. From 1968 to 1971 he held the post of Dean of the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran. During this period, he revised the curriculum for architectural studies and gave it a new direction that was continued by the subsequent Italian trained Iranian Architect Dr. Mehdi Kowsar.

Heydar Ghiai (1922–1985) was a pioneer of modern architecture in Iran, who studied architecture at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1948–53). After his return to Iran he held the post of Professor at the University of Tehran. He designed and built a number of private and public projects.

Rifat Kamil Chadirji (born 1926) is an Iraqi architect and author. His works advocate a type of regional Modernism.

Mohammad Karim Pirnia (1922–1998) was an Iranian architect, historian and educator. He has extensively written and researched the history and technology of traditional Iranian architecture.

Vilayat Inayat Khan (1916–2004) was an acknowledged Pir of the Chishti Sufi Order of India and a graduate of the Sorbonne in philosophy, who following in the footsteps of his father, brought Sufism to the West. He commissioned Ardalan to design the ‘Universal’, a place of multifaith meditation in Suresnes, Paris in 1984. (Nader Ardalan).

The Chishti Order belongs to the mystic Sufi tradition of Islam, one its places of origin may have been Chisht, a small town near Herat, Afghanistan, about 930 AD.

Izutsu (1984).

Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Foreword to The Sense of Unity by Ardalan and Bakhtiar. (Nader Ardalan).

Smith (2003).

Roman Ghirshman (1895–1979) was a French archaeologist specializing in Iranian archaeology. He carried out excavations in different historic sites of Iran, including Teppe Sialk and Choga Zanbil, published in the book The Arts of Ancient Iran, Golden Press, 1964.

Aryamehr Olympic Complex (now Azadi Sport Complex) was designed in Aziz Farmanfarmaian’s office to host 1975 Asian Games. Farmanfarmaian gives more details on the architectural concepts and construction challenges in an interview available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1AEBUOal6o&t=1745s.

Architecture for the Poor, published in 1973, was written by the Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900–1989). In this book, he explains his plan for building the village of New Gourna, using indigenous materials and construction technologies.

Keith Barry Critchlow (born 1933) is an architect, artist and writer, Professor of Islamic Art at the Royal College of Art, London, and Professor Emeritus at The Prince’s School of Traditional Art in London. He is an expert in sacred geometry and architecture, and has published extensively on this subject, including Islamic Patterns: An Analytical and Cosmological Approach (1983).

Lipsey (1977).

Smith (2003).

Rizvi (2011) and Canby (2009).

See: whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1345.pdf. (Nader Ardalan).

Literally meaning path or way, Tariqat refers to mystical and spiritual teachings and practices of a school or order of Sufism and symbolizes the journey towards God.

See: www.acsforum.org. (Nader Ardalan).

Emerson (2013).

Foster (2011).

Houman (2014).

Hitchcock and Johnson (1997).

See: Kassarjian and Ardalan (1982).

Timcheh is a part of a traditional Bazaar complex in Iran. It normally consists of a series of shops around an enclosed space, dedicated to a particular profession.

This mosque was built in the late eighteenth century. What makes this building unique is that the central courtyard is located one level under the ground, which is normally called Godal-Bagcheh (Sunken-Garden).

Now Valiasr Street.

Yakh is ice, chal means pit. Yakh-chal is an ancient type of cooling space, consisting of a domed structure with an underground subterranean storage space.

This building was constructed in 1997 to host the 8th Summit of the Organization of Islamic Conferences in Tehran. Yahya Fiuzi, a former member of Mandala Collaborative, illegally used the original concept and structural drawings of TCCM for the Ejlass. This un-professional act was noted by Peter Davies, Editor of Architectural Design magazine, UK in the 1998 Dubai Conference and attested to by the TCCM structural engineer Zareh Gregorian. (Nader Ardalan).

See: Art and Architecture April–July 1978. (Nader Ardalan).

Alison Margaret Smithson (1928–1993), a graduate from University of Durham, established the APS office in 1950 in London where she practiced until the end of her life.

Denise Scott Brown (born 1931) is an American architect, planner, writer and educator. Together with her husband, Robert Venturi, she runs the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates in Philadelphia.

Gaetana (Gae) Aulenti (1927–2012) was an Italian architect and interior designer, who graduated from Milan Polytechnic University.

Solange Pauline Eugénie d'Herbez de la Tour (born 1924) is a French architect who studied architecture and urban planning in Bucharest. She is the founder of the International Union of Women Architects.

She studied architecture at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, and then left for Paris to continue her studies. Back in Iran she established an architectural firm and practice.

See: Art and Architecture Issue 35–36 1976. (Nader Ardalan).

International Art & Architecture Research Association.

Karim Taherzadeh Behzad (1888–1963) was an Iranian engineer and architect. Trained in Istanbul and Berlin, he designed a number of buildings including the Mausoleum of Ferdowsi in Tus.

Moarragh is a kind of Iranian tiling style in which different tiny pieces come together to build a pattern and cover a larger surface.

Giacomo Barozzi da Vingola (1507–1573) was an Italian Mannerist architect. His book the ‘Five Orders of Architecture’ explains the orders of classical architecture.

Literally meaning ‘pool-house’, this is a room in traditional Iranian houses and buildings, mainly located on the lower floors, with a pool at the centre.

Literally means ‘eight paradises’. Built in 1662 (Safavid period) this mansion is located in Isfahan.

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Ardalan N (2005) Emtezaji az Tabiat va Farhang dar Memari [the mixture of nature and culture in architecture]. In: Jodat M (ed) To Memari Ra Tarsim Mikoni Vali Man An Ra Misazam [You design the architecture but I build it]. Ganje Honar, Tehran, pp 245–256

Ardalan N (2006) Negahi be Farhang va meemarie Iran [a look at the culture and architecture of Iran]. Memari va Sharsazi 84:82

Ardalan N (2009) From within, on the spiritual in art and architecture. 2A Archit Art 12:20–37

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Diba K (1981) Buildings and projects. Hatje, Stuttgart

Diba K (1998) Shahrake Shushtar dar Nemaieshgahe Jahani [Shushtar new town in international exhibition]. Me’mar 1:87

Emerson RW (2013) Nature. Century Classics (Nader Ardalan)

Foster R (2011) The creativity of nature: the genesis of Schelling’s Naturphilosophie. ProQuest (Nader Ardalan)

Hitchcock H, Johnson P (1997) The international style. W.W. Norton Co., New York (Nader Ardalan)

Houman S (2014) From the Philosophia Perennis to American Perennialism. Kazi Publications, Chicago (Nader Ardalan)

Izutsu T (1984) Sufism and Taoism, a comparative study of key philosophical concepts. University of California, Berkeley (Nader Ardalan)

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Rizvi K (2011) The Safavid dynastic shrine: architecture, religion & power in early modern Iran. I.B.Tauris, New York

Smith H (2003) Beyond the postmodern mind—the place of meaning in a global civilization. Quest Books, Wheaton (Nader Ardalan)

Titel: The Narratives of ‘In-Between’
verfasst von: M. Reza Shirazi
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Contemporary Architecture and Urbanism in Iran
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72184-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-72185-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72185-9_4

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