Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Co-simulation of Semi-autonomous Systems: The Line Follower Robot Case Study

verfasst von : Maurizio Palmieri, Cinzia Bernardeschi, Paolo Masci

Erschienen in: Software Engineering and Formal Methods

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Semi-autonomous systems are capable of sensing their environment and perform their tasks autonomously, but they may also be supervised by humans. The shared manual/automatic control makes the dynamics of such systems more complex, and undesirable and hardly predictable behaviours can arise from human-machine interaction. When these systems are used in critical applications, such as autonomous driving or robotic surgery, the identification of conditions that may lead the system to violate safety requirements is of main concern, since people actually entrust their life on them. In this paper, we extend an FMI-based co-simulation framework for cyber-physical systems with the possibility of modelling semi-autonomous robots. Co-simulation can be used to gain more insights on the system under analysis at early stages of system development, and to highlight the impact of human interaction on safety. This approach is applied to the Line Follower Robot case study, available in the INTO-CPS project.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardeschi, C., Domenici, A.: Verifying safety properties of a nonlinear control by interactive theorem proving with the Prototype Verification System. Inf. Process. Lett. 116(6), 409–415 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Bernardeschi, C., Domenici, A.: Verifying safety properties of a nonlinear control by interactive theorem proving with the Prototype Verification System. Inf. Process. Lett. 116(6), 409–415 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardeschi, C., Domenici, A., Masci, P.: A PVS-simulink integrated environment for model-based analysis of cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PP(99), 1 (2017) Bernardeschi, C., Domenici, A., Masci, P.: A PVS-simulink integrated environment for model-based analysis of cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PP(99), 1 (2017)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Blochwitz, T., Otter, M., Arnold, M., Bausch, C., Clauß, C., Elmqvist, H., Junghanns, A., Mauß, J., Monteiro, M., Neidhold, T., Neumerkel, D., Olsson, H., Peetz, J.-V., Wolf, S.: The Functional Mockup Interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference, pp. 105–114. Linköping University Electronic Press (2011) Blochwitz, T., Otter, M., Arnold, M., Bausch, C., Clauß, C., Elmqvist, H., Junghanns, A., Mauß, J., Monteiro, M., Neidhold, T., Neumerkel, D., Olsson, H., Peetz, J.-V., Wolf, S.: The Functional Mockup Interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference, pp. 105–114. Linköping University Electronic Press (2011)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Blochwitz, T., Otter, M., Åkesson, J., Arnold, M., Clauß, C., Elmqvist, H., Friedrich, M., Junghanns, A., Mauß, J., Neumerkel, D., Olsson, H., Viel, A.: Functional Mockup Interface 2.0: the standard for tool independent exchange of simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Modelica Conference, pp. 173–184. The Modelica Association (2012) Blochwitz, T., Otter, M., Åkesson, J., Arnold, M., Clauß, C., Elmqvist, H., Friedrich, M., Junghanns, A., Mauß, J., Neumerkel, D., Olsson, H., Viel, A.: Functional Mockup Interface 2.0: the standard for tool independent exchange of simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Modelica Conference, pp. 173–184. The Modelica Association (2012)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Broenink, J.F.: Modelling, simulation and analysis with 20-sim. J. A 38(3), 22–25 (1997) Broenink, J.F.: Modelling, simulation and analysis with 20-sim. J. A 38(3), 22–25 (1997)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cremona, F., Lohstroh, M., Broman, D., Tripakis, S., Lee, E.A., Masin, M.: Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time. Technical report UCB/EECS-2017-6, University of California, Berkeley, April 2017 Cremona, F., Lohstroh, M., Broman, D., Tripakis, S., Lee, E.A., Masin, M.: Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time. Technical report UCB/EECS-2017-6, University of California, Berkeley, April 2017
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzgerald, J.S., Larsen, P.G., Verhoef, M.: Vienna Development Method. Wiley, Hoboken (2007) Fitzgerald, J.S., Larsen, P.G., Verhoef, M.: Vienna Development Method. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Franchetti, F., Low, T.M., Mitsch, S., Mendoza, J.P., Gui, L., Phaosawasdi, A., Padua, D., Kar, S., Moura, J.M.F., Franusich, M., Johnson, J., Platzer, A., Veloso, M.M.: High-assurance spiral: end-to-end guarantees for robot and car control. IEEE Control Syst. 37(2), 82–103 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef Franchetti, F., Low, T.M., Mitsch, S., Mendoza, J.P., Gui, L., Phaosawasdi, A., Padua, D., Kar, S., Moura, J.M.F., Franusich, M., Johnson, J., Platzer, A., Veloso, M.M.: High-assurance spiral: end-to-end guarantees for robot and car control. IEEE Control Syst. 37(2), 82–103 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef
10.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison, M.D., Masci, P., Campos, J.C., Curzon, P.: Verification of user interface software: the example of use-related safety requirements and programmable medical devices. IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst. (2017, to appear) Harrison, M.D., Masci, P., Campos, J.C., Curzon, P.: Verification of user interface software: the example of use-related safety requirements and programmable medical devices. IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst. (2017, to appear)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hooman, J., Mulyar, N., Posta, L.: Coupling simulink and UML models. In: Schnieder, B., Tarnai, G. (eds.) Proceedings of Symposium FORMS/FORMATS, Formal Methods for Automation and Safety in Railway and Automotive Systems, pp. 304–311 (2004) Hooman, J., Mulyar, N., Posta, L.: Coupling simulink and UML models. In: Schnieder, B., Tarnai, G. (eds.) Proceedings of Symposium FORMS/FORMATS, Formal Methods for Automation and Safety in Railway and Automotive Systems, pp. 304–311 (2004)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat INTO-CPS: Integrated Tool Chain for Model-based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems\(^{\textregistered }\), Horizon H2020 project. Grant #644047 (2015) INTO-CPS: Integrated Tool Chain for Model-based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems\(^{\textregistered }\), Horizon H2020 project. Grant #644047 (2015)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Karnopp, D., Rosenberg, R.: Analysis and Simulation of Multiport Systems; the Bond Graph Approach to Physical System Dynamics. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge (1968) Karnopp, D., Rosenberg, R.: Analysis and Simulation of Multiport Systems; the Bond Graph Approach to Physical System Dynamics. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge (1968)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen, P.G., Fitzgerald, J., Woodcock, J., Fritzson, P., Brauer, J., Kleijn, C., Lecomte, T., Pfeil, M., Green, O., Basagiannis, S., Sadovykh, A.: Integrated tool chain for model-based design of cyber-physical systems: the INTO-CPS project. In: 2016 2nd International Workshop on Modelling, Analysis, and Control of Complex CPS (CPS Data), pp. 1–6 (2016) Larsen, P.G., Fitzgerald, J., Woodcock, J., Fritzson, P., Brauer, J., Kleijn, C., Lecomte, T., Pfeil, M., Green, O., Basagiannis, S., Sadovykh, A.: Integrated tool chain for model-based design of cyber-physical systems: the INTO-CPS project. In: 2016 2nd International Workshop on Modelling, Analysis, and Control of Complex CPS (CPS Data), pp. 1–6 (2016)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen, P.G., Battle, N., Ferreira, M., Fitzgerald, J., Lausdahl, K., Verhoef, M.: The overture initiative integrating tools for VDM. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 35(1), 1–6 (2010) Larsen, P.G., Battle, N., Ferreira, M., Fitzgerald, J., Lausdahl, K., Verhoef, M.: The overture initiative integrating tools for VDM. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 35(1), 1–6 (2010)
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, E.A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: A framework for comparing models of computation. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 17(12), 1217–1229 (1998)CrossRef Lee, E.A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: A framework for comparing models of computation. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 17(12), 1217–1229 (1998)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Masci, P., Rukšenas, R., Oladimeji, P., Cauchi, A., Gimblett, A., Li, Y., Curzon, P., Thimbleby, H.: The benefits of formalising design guidelines: a case study on the predictability of drug infusion pumps. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. 11(2), 73–93 (2015)CrossRef Masci, P., Rukšenas, R., Oladimeji, P., Cauchi, A., Gimblett, A., Li, Y., Curzon, P., Thimbleby, H.: The benefits of formalising design guidelines: a case study on the predictability of drug infusion pumps. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. 11(2), 73–93 (2015)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Muñoz, C., Rapid prototyping in PVS. Technical report NIA 2003–03, NASA/CR-2003-212418, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA (2003) Muñoz, C., Rapid prototyping in PVS. Technical report NIA 2003–03, NASA/CR-2003-212418, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA (2003)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Attarzadeh Niaki, S.H., Sander, I.: Co-simulation of embedded systems in a heterogeneous MoC-based modeling framework. In: 2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems, pp. 238–247, June 2011 Attarzadeh Niaki, S.H., Sander, I.: Co-simulation of embedded systems in a heterogeneous MoC-based modeling framework. In: 2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems, pp. 238–247, June 2011
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sander, I., Jantsch, A.: System modeling and transformational design refinement in ForSyDe. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 23(1), 17–32 (2004)CrossRef Sander, I., Jantsch, A.: System modeling and transformational design refinement in ForSyDe. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 23(1), 17–32 (2004)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sjöstedt, C.-J., Törngren, M., Shi, J., Chen, D.-J., Ahlsten, V.: Mapping simulink to UML in the design of embedded systems: investigating scenarios and transformations. In: OMER4 Post-proceedings, pp. 137–160 (2008). QC 20100810 Sjöstedt, C.-J., Törngren, M., Shi, J., Chen, D.-J., Ahlsten, V.: Mapping simulink to UML in the design of embedded systems: investigating scenarios and transformations. In: OMER4 Post-proceedings, pp. 137–160 (2008). QC 20100810
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, B., Baras, J.S.: HybridSim: a modeling and co-simulation toolchain for cyber-physical systems. In: 2013 IEEE/ACM 17th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT), pp. 33–40 (2013) Wang, B., Baras, J.S.: HybridSim: a modeling and co-simulation toolchain for cyber-physical systems. In: 2013 IEEE/ACM 17th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT), pp. 33–40 (2013)
Metadaten
Titel
Co-simulation of Semi-autonomous Systems: The Line Follower Robot Case Study
verfasst von
Maurizio Palmieri
Cinzia Bernardeschi
Paolo Masci
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74781-1_29