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2003 | Buch

Object of Analysis and Problem of Modelling Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Numerical Structural Analysis

Methods, Models and Pitfalls

verfasst von: Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Foundations of Engineering Mechanics

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

To our sons, Mike, Andrew, Alex, who did not inherit their fathers' level of interest in applied mechanics, but who became sophisticated in software development and in this regard surpassed their parents. A.P., V.S. Hard times came, the god5 got angry. Children do not behave themselves and everybody wishes to write a book. Ancient Babylonian inscription X Preface Preface to the English Edition The book you are reading is a translation from Russian into English. Within a pretty short term this book saw two editions in Russian. The authors received in­ spiring responses from readers that both stimulated our continuing and improving this work and made sure it would not be in vain of us to try to multiply our readers by covering the English-speaking engineering community. When we prepared the present edition, we took into account interests of the Western readers, so we had to make some changes to our text published earlier. These changes include the following aspects. First, we excluded a lot of references and discussions regarding Russian engi­ neering codes. It seems to us those are of no real interest for Western engineers oriented at Eurocode or national construction design regulations.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Object of Analysis and Problem of Modelling
Abstract
Modern buildings and structures are, most often, complex multi-element systems created in order to implement a lot of various functions. During their life cycle a great deal of operation states take place. The specificity of structural engineering is such that its final product (a structure or a building) should meet three, often contradictory, requirements: functionality, aesthetics and designability.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
2. Building a Design Model
Abstract
It is hardly possible to give clear and unambiguous recommendations on the choice and building of design models for structures of various purpose which require different structural solutions to be applied. One can do it, apparently, only by confining oneself to a much narrower class of objects. One should remember that “any set of rules for building models can have, at the best, only a limitedfield of application, and at the worst it may even hamper the manifestation of one’s intuition” [13].
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
3. Basic Relationships for Discrete Systems
Abstract
Many facts stated in this chapter are well known and one might think there is no need to discuss them. But we believe it is an interesting idea to reveal certain interconnections between those facts, and this idea is not often expounded as here.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
4. Finite Element Models
Abstract
Long before the contemporary concept of discretization used in the finite element method (FEM) appeared, so-called physical discretization (or physical lumping in English literature) methods were in active use. There, to solve a continual problem, a system with a finite number of degrees of freedom used to be introduced on the basis of certain physical considerations. For example, recall a method by B.N.Zhemochkin [32] popular as long as thirty years ago, intended for the analysis of beams and slabs lying on an elastic semi-plane and elastic semi-space respectively. Particularly, mechanical bar models used to be constructed, equivalent to continual systems in a certain sense (for example, by accumulated energy). It may seem that the days of those theories are gone, and most researchers have realized that thy physical lumping is much weaker (and more naive) than the contemporary finite element analysis, now that the latter has all attributes of a “serious theory” based on advanced mathematics and theory of continua.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
5. Mistakes and Pitfalls, Special Techniques to Build Finite Element Models
Abstract
What we mean by fragmentation is an extraction of some part of a structure from it in order to consequently include only this extracted part, called a fragment, in a design model. Particularly, we above used this technique in Section 4.8. Now we are going to look at it from a bit more general point of view.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
6. Estimating and Interpreting Results
Abstract
A complex structure can be designed either by a strict calculation or by good fortune, or by implementing a traditional project. When manual methods of design were common, the strict calculation used to be hardly possible. The good fortune is not a thing to rely upon, it seems. So one used to adopt traditional approaches the reliability of which had been tried by a long lasting experience. But now the situation is quite different.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
7. Uncertainty of Parameters
Abstract
A conventional engineering education is based on the principle of “accuracy”. Engineers have been recognizing and perceiving the accuracy as one of their key principles ever since they were students. Any deviations are deemed undesirable and thus become as if non-existent in the psychological sense, though everyone realizes there can be no fault-free technologies, perfectly accurate measurements etc. In this connection, operating uncertain parameters requires one to readjust one’s mind.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
8. A Review of some Problem Classes
Abstract
A hinged bar system (a truss) is one of most widely usable design models. At the same time, it never happens that the nodal joints in respective structures are true hinges (Fig. 8.1,a), moreover, their axes might not even intersect at the same point (Fig. 8.1,b).
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
9. Buckling Problems and Related Issues
Abstract
As it has been stated for many times, an engineering analysis is performed using idealized design models that represent a real structure in a more or less simplified form. Some peculiarities, being of minor importance from the viewpoint of the model’s creator, may well fall out of consideration. Such assumptions always need validating because there are numerous well-known examples how small deviations (perturbations) can affect a structure’s behavior very much, both at the quantitative and qualitative level.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
10. Problems of Dynamics
Abstract
The system of education in high schools of civil engineering is organized in such manner that problems of dynamics occupy an undeservingly modest place in the curriculum. While there are numerous exercises intended to help students develop certain intuition of static analysis (apparently insufficient, but capable of being improved during their practical activities), their “dynamical sense” remains rudimentary. Hence a lot of mistakes and a totally formal attitude to the preparation of source data for a dynamical problem’s solution by tools of computer-aided design.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
11. A Word Instead of a Conclusion
Abstract
In the preface to this book we stated that it was our conscious intention not to give recommendations as to what particular software product to purchase. We have tried hard to keep this promise of ours. Though, we cannot leave this issue aside, therefore below we give some considerations to be taken into account when planning to buy a finite element computer program for structural analysis. Now that the reader has come to this place and thus has read the book as we do hope, he might already have the idea of the authors’ opinion concerning “good and bad” CAD programs, so such considerations may prove relevant.
Anatoly V. Perelmuter, Vladimir I. Slivker
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Numerical Structural Analysis
verfasst von
Anatoly V. Perelmuter
Vladimir I. Slivker
Copyright-Jahr
2003
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-540-36500-6
Print ISBN
978-3-642-05621-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36500-6