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A Multivariate Approach to Quantitative Structure-Activity and Structure-Property Relationships

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Chemometrics in Environmental Chemistry - Applications

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC2,volume 2 / 2H))

Summary

A chemometric strategy for quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationship (QSAR, QSPR) analysis in environmental chemistry is outlined. In essence, the strategy is based upon grouping chemicals into homogeneous classes, and identifying small numbers of training set and validation set compounds that adequately represent each class. Biological and environmental response data generated for such sets of representative compounds may then be sufficient for constructing statistically sound models relating the variation in responses to the differences in chemical properties. The use of such QSAR or QSPR models may also allow the prediction of missing response data for untested compounds in the relevant class, and thus enable priority setting for further biological or environmental testing in relation to the predicted severity of these responses. Four representative examples of how QSAR and QSPR can be formulated for environmentally relevant classes of compounds and meaningful responses are addressed. Two of the illustrated applications are also developed within the framework of the chemometric QSAR strategy.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

BCF:

bioconcentration factor

CFCs:

chlorinated fluorocarbons

CV:

crossvalidation

DV:

design variable

EC50 :

effect concentration (50% effect)

EROD:

ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase

FD:

factorial design

FFD:

fractional factorial design

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

IC50 :

inhibitory concentration (50% effect)

IR:

infrared spectroscopy

KNN:

K nearest neighbours

LC:

liquid chromatography

LDA:

linear discriminant analysis

LD50 :

lethal dose (50% effect)

LR:

linear regression

MLR:

multiple linear regression

NBP:

4-nitrobenzylpyridine

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

NN:

neural networks

OCDF:

octachlorodibenzofuran

PCA:

principal component analysis

PCDFs:

polychlorinated dibenzofurans

PCR:

principal component regression

PCs:

principal components

PLS:

partial least squares

PLS-DA:

partial least squares discriminant analysis

PRESS:

prediction error sum of squares

RR:

ridge regression

QSAR:

quantitative structure-activity relationships

QSPR:

quantitative structure-property relationships

SS y :

sum of squares of responses (y)

TCDD:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodioxin

TEF:

toxic equivalency factor

UV:

ultraviolet spectroscopy

B PLS :

PLS pseudo-regression coefficients

C :

loading matrix of PLS

E :

residual matrix

F :

residual matrix

̄ :

variable average

s 2 :

variable variance

K :

number of descriptor variables

M :

number of response variables

N :

number of chemicals in the training set

P :

loading matrix of PCA or PLS

Q 2 :

predicted variance

R 2 :

explained variance

R 2 cv :

predicted variance

T :

score matrix of PCA or PLS

U :

score matrix of PLS

W :

weight matrix of PLS

X :

matrix of descriptor variables

Y :

matrix of response variables

β :

regression coefficients

bp:

boiling point

D E :

electrophilic delocalizability

D N :

nucleophilic delocalizability

E HOMO :

energy of highest occupied molecular orbital

E LUMO :

energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

E s :

Taft substituent constant

k NPB :

chemical reactivity of epoxides

K ow :

partition coefficient of octanol/water

mp:

melting point

Mw :

molecular weight

n D :

refractive index

p :

bond order

pK a :

acid dissociation constant

q :

atomic charge

TSA:

total surface area

TMV:

total molar volume

V vdW :

van der Waals volume

p :

density

σ :

Hammett sigma constant

µ :

electronegativity

ŋ :

hardness

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group for Chemometrics, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Umeå, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Lennart Eriksson

  2. Research Institute of Toxicology, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80, 176, NL 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Joop L. M. Hermens

Authors
  1. Lennart Eriksson
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  2. Joop L. M. Hermens
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany

    Jürgen Einax

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Eriksson, L., Hermens, J.L.M. (1995). A Multivariate Approach to Quantitative Structure-Activity and Structure-Property Relationships. In: Einax, J. (eds) Chemometrics in Environmental Chemistry - Applications. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 2 / 2H. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49150-7_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49150-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-14883-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49150-7

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