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Coral Bleaching pp 41–67Cite as

Climate Variability and Change: Monitoring Data and Evidence for Increased Coral Bleaching Stress

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Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 205))

Abstract

Coral reefs live within a fairly narrow envelope of environmental conditions constrained by water temperatures, light, salinity, nutrients, bathymetry and the aragonite saturation state of seawater. While the natural environment can be highly variable and potentially stressful to corals, humans are now placing the world’s coral reefs in crisis as a result of direct local- to regional-scale insults combined with accelerating global changes. The global-scale insults result from increased concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases that are rapidly acidifying and warming ocean waters. This chapter focuses on the changing physical environment surrounding coral reef ecosystems and especially the rising SSTs that are responsible for most mass coral bleaching events. We make use of improved long-term records of surface ocean climate to document SST changes in the vicinity of coral reefs and how the risk of SST conditions conducive to coral bleaching varies with climate variability such as El Niño--Southern Oscillation events. We describe the application of satellite-based SSTs and related products that have been developed to detect and monitor environmental conditions leading to coral bleaching around the globe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910-3226, USA

    C. M. Eakin & S. F. Heron

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  1. C. M. Eakin
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  2. J. M. Lough
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  3. S. F. Heron
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Correspondence to C. M. Eakin or J. M. Lough .

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  1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland, 4810, Australia

    Madeleine J. H. van Oppen  & Janice M. Lough  & 

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Eakin, C.M., Lough, J.M., Heron, S.F. (2009). Climate Variability and Change: Monitoring Data and Evidence for Increased Coral Bleaching Stress. In: van Oppen, M.J.H., Lough, J.M. (eds) Coral Bleaching. Ecological Studies, vol 205. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69775-6_4

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