Skip to main content

2011 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Molecular Communication Technology as a Biological ICT

verfasst von : Tadashi Nakano, Michael Moore, Akihiro Enomoto, Tatsuya Suda

Erschienen in: Biological Functions for Information and Communication Technologies

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the art research on molecular communication—a molecule-based communication paradigm for biological machines. Unlike current telecommunications based on electric or optical signals, molecular communication exploits biological molecules as information carriers. In molecular communication, senders of communication encode information onto molecules and transmit to the environment. The information coded molecules then propagate in the environment to reach receivers of communication, which capture and biochemically react to the molecules (i.e., decode the information from the information coded molecules). Since biological molecules are compatible with biological systems, molecular communication is expected to impact medical domains such as human health monitoring where implant biological machines interact with biological cells through molecular communication. This chapter describes key concepts, architecture, potential applications of molecular communication as well as existing research on engineering molecular communication components and systems.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Adamatzky, B.D.L. Costello, T. Asai, Reaction-diffusion computers, Elsevier (2005) A. Adamatzky, B.D.L. Costello, T. Asai, Reaction-diffusion computers, Elsevier (2005)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Atakan, O.B. Akan, “An information theoretical approach for molecular communication,” in Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, Dec. 2007 B. Atakan, O.B. Akan, “An information theoretical approach for molecular communication,” in Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, Dec. 2007
3.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Akiyoshi, A. Itaya, S.M. Nomura, N. Ono, K. Yoshikawa (2003) Induction of neuron-like tubes and liposome networks by cooperative effect of gangliosides and phospholipids. Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. Lett. 534(1–3), 33–38CrossRef K. Akiyoshi, A. Itaya, S.M. Nomura, N. Ono, K. Yoshikawa (2003) Induction of neuron-like tubes and liposome networks by cooperative effect of gangliosides and phospholipids. Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. Lett. 534(1–3), 33–38CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and P. Walter, Molecular biology of the cell. (Garland Science, New York, 2002) B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and P. Walter, Molecular biology of the cell. (Garland Science, New York, 2002)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat T.M. Allen, P.R. Cullis, Drug delivery systems: entering the mainstream. Science 303, 1818–1822 (2004)CrossRef T.M. Allen, P.R. Cullis, Drug delivery systems: entering the mainstream. Science 303, 1818–1822 (2004)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Basu, Y. Gerchman, C. Collins, F. Arnold, R. Weiss, A synthetic multicellular system for programmed pattern formation, Nature. April 21 2005, vol 434, pp. 1130–1134 S. Basu, Y. Gerchman, C. Collins, F. Arnold, R. Weiss, A synthetic multicellular system for programmed pattern formation, Nature. April 21 2005, vol 434, pp. 1130–1134
7.
Zurück zum Zitat J.T. Barron, L. Gu, J.E. Parrillo, Malate-aspartate shuttle, cytoplasmic NADH redox potential, and energetics in vascular smooth muscle. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 30, 1571–1579 (1998)CrossRef J.T. Barron, L. Gu, J.E. Parrillo, Malate-aspartate shuttle, cytoplasmic NADH redox potential, and energetics in vascular smooth muscle. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 30, 1571–1579 (1998)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat K.J.L Burg, T. Boland, Minimally invasive tissue engineering composites and cell printing. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. (2003) K.J.L Burg, T. Boland, Minimally invasive tissue engineering composites and cell printing. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. (2003)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer, Biochemisty. 5th edn. (Freeman, New York, 2002) J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer, Biochemisty. 5th edn. (Freeman, New York, 2002)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Bray, Protein molecules as computational elements in living cells. Nature vol. 376, 27 July 1995 D. Bray, Protein molecules as computational elements in living cells. Nature vol. 376, 27 July 1995
11.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Chakravarty, L. Howard, D.A. Compton, A mechanistic model for the organization of microtubule asters by motor and non-motor proteins in a mammalian mitotic extract. Mol. Biol. Cell 15, 2116–2132 (2004)CrossRef A. Chakravarty, L. Howard, D.A. Compton, A mechanistic model for the organization of microtubule asters by motor and non-motor proteins in a mammalian mitotic extract. Mol. Biol. Cell 15, 2116–2132 (2004)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Dennis, J. Lee, T. Ozdere, T.J. Lee, L. You, Engineering gene circuits: foundations and applications, in Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine Methods, Devices and Applications, Chapter 21, ed. by T. Vo-Dinh (CRC Press, USA, 2007) T. Dennis, J. Lee, T. Ozdere, T.J. Lee, L. You, Engineering gene circuits: foundations and applications, in Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine Methods, Devices and Applications, Chapter 21, ed. by T. Vo-Dinh (CRC Press, USA, 2007)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat J.E. Dueber, E.A. Mirsky, W.A. Lim, Engineering synthetic signaling proteins with ultrasensitive input/output control, Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 660–662 (2007). J.E. Dueber, E.A. Mirsky, W.A. Lim, Engineering synthetic signaling proteins with ultrasensitive input/output control, Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 660–662 (2007).
14.
Zurück zum Zitat T.R. de Kievit, B.H. Iglewski, Bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships. Infect. Immun. 68(9), 4839–4849 (2000)CrossRef T.R. de Kievit, B.H. Iglewski, Bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships. Infect. Immun. 68(9), 4839–4849 (2000)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Eckford, Nanoscale communication with Brownian motion, in Proceedings of 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (2007) A. Eckford, Nanoscale communication with Brownian motion, in Proceedings of 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (2007)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Eckford, Achievable information rates for molecular communication with distinct molecules, in Proceedings of Workshop on Computing and Communications from Biological Systems: Theory and Applications (2007) A. Eckford, Achievable information rates for molecular communication with distinct molecules, in Proceedings of Workshop on Computing and Communications from Biological Systems: Theory and Applications (2007)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat M.B. Elowitz, S. Leibler, A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators. Nature Jan 20, 403(6767), 335–338 (2000) M.B. Elowitz, S. Leibler, A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators. Nature Jan 20, 403(6767), 335–338 (2000)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Enomoto, M. Moore, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, T. Suda, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, A molecular communication system using a network of cytoskeletal filaments. in Technical Proceedings of the 2006 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show 1, 725–728 (2006) A. Enomoto, M. Moore, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, T. Suda, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, A molecular communication system using a network of cytoskeletal filaments. in Technical Proceedings of the 2006 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show 1, 725–728 (2006)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat A.C. Forster, G.M. Church, Towards synthesis of a minimal cell. Mol. Syst. Biol. (2006) A.C. Forster, G.M. Church, Towards synthesis of a minimal cell. Mol. Syst. Biol. (2006)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat R.A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol. I. Basic Capabilities (Landes Bioscience, USA, 1999) R.A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol. I. Basic Capabilities (Landes Bioscience, USA, 1999)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat T.S. Gardner, C.R. Cantor, J.J. Collins, Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature Jan 20, 403(6767), 339–342 (2000) T.S. Gardner, C.R. Cantor, J.J. Collins, Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature Jan 20, 403(6767), 339–342 (2000)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Gerchman, R. Weiss, Teaching bacteria a new language.in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(8), 2221–2222 (2004) Y. Gerchman, R. Weiss, Teaching bacteria a new language.in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(8), 2221–2222 (2004)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat L.G. Griffith, G. Naughton, Tissue engineering—current challenges and expanding opportunities. Science. 295, 1009–1014 (2002)CrossRef L.G. Griffith, G. Naughton, Tissue engineering—current challenges and expanding opportunities. Science. 295, 1009–1014 (2002)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Hess, C.M. Matzke, R.K. Doot, J. Clemmens, G.D. Bachand, B.C. Bunker, V. Vogel, Molecular shuttles operating undercover: a new photolithographic approach for the fabrication of structured surfaces supporting directed motility. Nano Lett 3(12), 1651–1655 (2003)CrossRef H. Hess, C.M. Matzke, R.K. Doot, J. Clemmens, G.D. Bachand, B.C. Bunker, V. Vogel, Molecular shuttles operating undercover: a new photolithographic approach for the fabrication of structured surfaces supporting directed motility. Nano Lett 3(12), 1651–1655 (2003)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Hiratsuka, T. Tada, K. Oiwa, T. Kanayama, T.Q.P. Uyeda, Controlling the direction of kinesin-driven microtubule movements along microlithographic tracks. Biophys. J. 81, 1555–1561 (2001)CrossRef Y. Hiratsuka, T. Tada, K. Oiwa, T. Kanayama, T.Q.P. Uyeda, Controlling the direction of kinesin-driven microtubule movements along microlithographic tracks. Biophys. J. 81, 1555–1561 (2001)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Hiyama, Y. Isogawa, T. Suda, Y. Moritani, K. Suto, A design of an autonomous molecule loading/transporting/unloading system using DNA hybridization and biomolecular linear motors in molecular communication (European Nano Systems, Grenoble, France, 2005) S. Hiyama, Y. Isogawa, T. Suda, Y. Moritani, K. Suto, A design of an autonomous molecule loading/transporting/unloading system using DNA hybridization and biomolecular linear motors in molecular communication (European Nano Systems, Grenoble, France, 2005)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Hiyama, Y. Moritani, T. Suda, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, M. Moore, T. Nakano, Molecular Communication, in Proceedings of the 2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference, poster presentation, USA, May 2005 S. Hiyama, Y. Moritani, T. Suda, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, M. Moore, T. Nakano, Molecular Communication, in Proceedings of the 2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference, poster presentation, USA, May 2005
28.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Howard, Mechanics of motor proteins and the cytoskeleton (Sinauer, Sunderland, 2001) J. Howard, Mechanics of motor proteins and the cytoskeleton (Sinauer, Sunderland, 2001)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Kikuchi, A. Ikeda, M. Hashizume, Biomimetic Materials: Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004) J. Kikuchi, A. Ikeda, M. Hashizume, Biomimetic Materials: Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Langer, Perspectives: drug delivery—drugs on target. Science 293, 58–59 (2001)CrossRef R. Langer, Perspectives: drug delivery—drugs on target. Science 293, 58–59 (2001)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat J.Q. Liu, H. Sawai, A new channel coding algorithm based on photo-proteins and GTPases, in 1st International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, Dec. 2006 J.Q. Liu, H. Sawai, A new channel coding algorithm based on photo-proteins and GTPases, in 1st International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, Dec. 2006
32.
Zurück zum Zitat J.Q. Liu, T. Nakano, An information theoretic model of molecular communication based on cellular signalng, in Proceedings of Workshop on Computing and Communications from Biological Systems: Theory and Applications (2007) J.Q. Liu, T. Nakano, An information theoretic model of molecular communication based on cellular signalng, in Proceedings of Workshop on Computing and Communications from Biological Systems: Theory and Applications (2007)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Mavroidis, A. Dubey, M.L. Yarmush, Molecular machines. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 6, 363–395 (2004)CrossRef C. Mavroidis, A. Dubey, M.L. Yarmush, Molecular machines. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 6, 363–395 (2004)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat C.D. Montemagno, Nanomachines: a roadmap for realizing the vision. Biomed J Nanopart Res 3(1), 1–3 (2001)CrossRef C.D. Montemagno, Nanomachines: a roadmap for realizing the vision. Biomed J Nanopart Res 3(1), 1–3 (2001)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Moore, A. Enomoto, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, T. Suda, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, A design of a molecular communication system for nanomachines using molecular motors. in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops. (IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 2006) M. Moore, A. Enomoto, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, T. Suda, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, A design of a molecular communication system for nanomachines using molecular motors. in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops. (IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 2006)
36.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Moore, A. Enomoto, T. Nakano, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, T. Suda, Molecular-motor based communication on a microtubule topology, 2nd International Workshop on Natural Computing (2007) M. Moore, A. Enomoto, T. Nakano, A. Kayasuga, H. Kojima, H. Sakakibara, K. Oiwa, T. Suda, Molecular-motor based communication on a microtubule topology, 2nd International Workshop on Natural Computing (2007)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Moritani, S. Hiyama, T. Suda, Molecular communication among nanomachines using vesicles. in NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (NSTI, Cambridge, 2006) Y. Moritani, S. Hiyama, T. Suda, Molecular communication among nanomachines using vesicles. in NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (NSTI, Cambridge, 2006)
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Moritani, S. Hiyama, T. Suda, Molecular communication for health care applications. in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 2006) Y. Moritani, S. Hiyama, T. Suda, Molecular communication for health care applications. in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 2006)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Nakagaki, H. Yamada, Á. Tóth, Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism. Nature 407, 470 (2000)CrossRef T. Nakagaki, H. Yamada, Á. Tóth, Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism. Nature 407, 470 (2000)CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Nakano, T. Suda, M. Moore, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, K. Arima, Molecular communication for nanomachines using intercellular calcium signaling, in Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, Nagoya, Japan, July 11–15 (2005) T. Nakano, T. Suda, M. Moore, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, K. Arima, Molecular communication for nanomachines using intercellular calcium signaling, in Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, Nagoya, Japan, July 11–15 (2005)
41.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Nakano, T. Suda, T. Koujin, T. Haraguchi, Y. Hiraoka, Molecular communication through gap junction channels: system design, experiments and modeling, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems (BIONETICS 2007), Dec. 2007 T. Nakano, T. Suda, T. Koujin, T. Haraguchi, Y. Hiraoka, Molecular communication through gap junction channels: system design, experiments and modeling, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems (BIONETICS 2007), Dec. 2007
42.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Nakano, Y.H. Hsu, W.C. Tang, T. Suda, D. Lin, T. Koujin, T. Haraguchi, Y. Hiraoka, Microplatform for intercellular communication, in Proceedings of the Third Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (2008) T. Nakano, Y.H. Hsu, W.C. Tang, T. Suda, D. Lin, T. Koujin, T. Haraguchi, Y. Hiraoka, Microplatform for intercellular communication, in Proceedings of the Third Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (2008)
43.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Nomura, Y. Mizutani, K. Kurita, A. Watanabe, K. Akiyoshi, Changes in the morphology of cell-size liposomes in the presence of cholesterol: formation of neuron-like tubes and liposome networks. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1669(2), 164–169 (2005)CrossRef S. Nomura, Y. Mizutani, K. Kurita, A. Watanabe, K. Akiyoshi, Changes in the morphology of cell-size liposomes in the presence of cholesterol: formation of neuron-like tubes and liposome networks. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1669(2), 164–169 (2005)CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Oiwa, H. Sakakibara, Recent progress in dynein structure and mechanism. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17, 98–103 (2005)CrossRef K. Oiwa, H. Sakakibara, Recent progress in dynein structure and mechanism. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17, 98–103 (2005)CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat N.A. Peppas, Y. Huang, Nanoscale technology of mucoadhesive interactions. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56, 1675–1687 (2004)CrossRef N.A. Peppas, Y. Huang, Nanoscale technology of mucoadhesive interactions. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56, 1675–1687 (2004)CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat T.D. Schneider, Theory of molecular machines I. Channel capacity of molecular machines. J. Theor. Biol. 148, 83–123 (1991)CrossRef T.D. Schneider, Theory of molecular machines I. Channel capacity of molecular machines. J. Theor. Biol. 148, 83–123 (1991)CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Shima, T. Kon, K. Imamula, R. Ohkura, K. Sutoh, Two modes of microtubule sliding driven by cytoplasmic dynein. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103(47), 17736–17740 (2006)CrossRef T. Shima, T. Kon, K. Imamula, R. Ohkura, K. Sutoh, Two modes of microtubule sliding driven by cytoplasmic dynein. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103(47), 17736–17740 (2006)CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Suda, M. Moore, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, Exploratory research on molecular communication between nanomachines. in 2005 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Late-breaking Papers (ACM press, New York, 2005) T. Suda, M. Moore, T. Nakano, R. Egashira, A. Enomoto, Exploratory research on molecular communication between nanomachines. in 2005 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Late-breaking Papers (ACM press, New York, 2005)
50.
Zurück zum Zitat R.H. Tamarin, Principles of genetics (WCB/McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999) R.H. Tamarin, Principles of genetics (WCB/McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999)
51.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Toba, K. Oiwa, Swing or embrace? New aspects of motility inspired by dynein structure in situ. Bioforum Eur. 10, 14–16 (2006) S. Toba, K. Oiwa, Swing or embrace? New aspects of motility inspired by dynein structure in situ. Bioforum Eur. 10, 14–16 (2006)
52.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Wakabayashi, M. Yamamura, A realization of information gate by using enterococcus faecalis pheromone system, DNA7, LNCS 2340, pp. 269–278 (2002) K. Wakabayashi, M. Yamamura, A realization of information gate by using enterococcus faecalis pheromone system, DNA7, LNCS 2340, pp. 269–278 (2002)
53.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Weiss, T.F. Knight, Engineered communications for microbial robotics. DNA computing. in 6th International Meeting on DNA Based Computers, DNA, 2000 (Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2054, New York, 2000) R. Weiss, T.F. Knight, Engineered communications for microbial robotics. DNA computing. in 6th International Meeting on DNA Based Computers, DNA, 2000 (Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2054, New York, 2000)
54.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Weiss, S. Basu, S. Hooshangi, A. Kalmbach, D. Karig, R. Mehreja, and I. Netravali, Genetic circuit building blocks for cellular computation, communications, and signal processing, Nat. Comput. vol. 2, pp. 47–84 (2003) R. Weiss, S. Basu, S. Hooshangi, A. Kalmbach, D. Karig, R. Mehreja, and I. Netravali, Genetic circuit building blocks for cellular computation, communications, and signal processing, Nat. Comput. vol. 2, pp. 47–84 (2003)
55.
Zurück zum Zitat G.-Z. Yang, (ed.), Body sensor networks, Springer (2006) G.-Z. Yang, (ed.), Body sensor networks, Springer (2006)
Metadaten
Titel
Molecular Communication Technology as a Biological ICT
verfasst von
Tadashi Nakano
Michael Moore
Akihiro Enomoto
Tatsuya Suda
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15102-6_2

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.