Abstract
Evidence from high summits in the Alps, that mountain plants have migrated upwards (Gottfried et al. 1994;Grabherr et al. 1994, 2001; Pauli et al. 1996), prompted the initiation of a Global Observation Network (GLORIA, see http://www.gloria.ac.at) to study climate change induced effects on alpine biodiversity (Grabherr et al. 2000; Pauli et al. 2001). Mountain tops or summits form comparable environmental units, where habitats of every exposure (N, E, S, and W) are present within a small area and are little affected by shading from neighbouring land features. Mountain summits often have a high habitat diversity. They are of particular interest for detecting any upward migration of species. The summits are prominent landmarks that can be readily relocated for re-investigations and the highest summit points can be characterised by an average climate at any given altitude.
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Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Dirnböck, T., Dullinger, S., Grabherr, G. (2003). Assessing the Long-Term Dynamics of Endemic Plants at Summit Habitats. In: Nagy, L., Grabherr, G., Körner, C., Thompson, D.B.A. (eds) Alpine Biodiversity in Europe. Ecological Studies, vol 167. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18967-8_9
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