nach oben

Erschienen in:

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Natural Polymers: Their Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites: State of Art, New Challenges and Opportunities

verfasst von : P. M Visakh, Aji P. Mathew, Sabu Thomas

Erschienen in: Advances in Natural Polymers

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The present chapter deals with a brief account on various types of natural polymers such as cellulose, chitin, starch, soy protein, casein, hemicelluloses, alginates, polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates etc. Blends, composites and nanocomposites based on these polymers have been very briefly discussed. Finally the applications, new challenges and opportunities of these biomaterials are also discussed.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nächstes Kapitel Cellulose Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites

Crawford, R.L.: Lignin Biodegradation and Transformation. Wiley, New York (1981). ISBN 0-471-05743-6

Updegraff, D.M.: Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials. Anal. Biochem. 32(3), 420–424. doi:10.1016/S0003-2697(69)80009-6. PMID 5361396 (1969)

Klemm, D., Heublein B., Fink, H-P., Bohn A.: Cellulose, fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Chem. Inform. 36(36). doi:10.1002/chin.200536238 (2005)

Charles, A. B, (ed.).: Vacuum Deposition onto Webs, Films, and Foils, 0(8155), p. 165. ISBN 0815515359 (2007)

Stenius, P.: 1. Forest Products Chemistry. Papermaking Science and Technology. Fapet OY, Finland. p. 35. ISBN 952-5216-03-9

Imai, M., Ikari, K., Suzuki, I.: High-performance hydrolysis of cellulose using mixed cellulose species and ultrasonication pretreatment. Biochem. Eng. J. 17, 19–23 (2003)

Jarvis, M.: Cellulose stacks up. Nature 426, 611–612 (2003)

Holtzapple, M.T.: Cellulose. In: Macrae, R., Robinson, R.K., Saddler, M.J. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Science Food Technology and Nutrition. London Academic Press, UK (1993)

Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W.: Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, vol. 1. Wiley-VCH, Germany (1998)

10.

Krässig, H.: Cellulose: Structure, Accessibility, and Reactivity Gordon and Breach Sci. Publishers, Switzerland (1993)

11.

Matthysse, A.G., Deschet, K., Williams, M., Marry, M., White, A.R., Smith, W.C.: A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 986–991 (2004)

12.

Jonas, R., Farah, L.F.: Production and application of microbial cellulose. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 59, 101–106 (1998)

13.

Iguchi, M., Yamanaka, S., Budhiono, A.: Review bacterial cellulose—a masterpiece of nature’s arts. J. Mater. Sci. 35, 261–270 (2000)

14.

Sreeramulu, G., Zhu, Y., Knol, W.: Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity. J. Agric. Food Chem 48, 2589–2594 (2000)

15.

Torres, F.G., Troncoso, O.P., Lopez, D., Grande, C., Gomez, C.M.: Reversible stress softening and stress recovery of cellulose networks. Soft Matter 5, 4185–4190 (2009)

16.

Torres, F.G., Grande, C.J., Troncoso, O.P., Gomez, C.M., Lopez, D.: Bacterial cellulose nanocomposites for biomedical applications; In: Kumar, S.A., Thiagarajan, S., Wang, F. (eds.) Biocompatible Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Analytical Chemistry. Nova Science Publishers, USA (2010)

17.

Ring, D.F., Nashed, W., Dow, T.: Liquid loaded pad for medical applications; US patent 4 588 400 (1986)

18.

Dong, H., Strawhecker, K.E., Snyder, J.F., Orlicki, J.A., Reiner, R.S., Rudie, A.W.: Cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcing material for electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers: formation, properties and nanomechanical characterization. Carbohydr. Polym. 87, 2488–2495 (2012)

19.

Cristiane, S., Rodrigues F.H.A., Neto,A.G.V.C., Pereira A.G.B., Fajardo, A.R., Radovanovic, E., Rubira, A.F., Muniz, E.C.: Nanocomposites based on poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate) and cellulose nanowhiskers. Eur. Polym. J. Macromol. Nanotechnol. 48, 454–463 (2012)

20.

Svensson, A., Nicklasson, E., Harrah, T., Panilaitis, B., Kaplan, D.L., Brittberg, M., Gatenholm, P.: Bacterial cellulose as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering of cartilage. Biomaterials 26, 419–431 (2005)

21.

Andersson, J., Stenhamre, H., Bäckdahl, H., Gatenholm, P.: Behavior of human chondrocytes in engineered porous bacterial cellulose scaffolds. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 94, 1124–1132 (2010)

22.

Czaja, W., Krystynowicza, A., Bielecki, S., Malcolm Brown Jr, R.: Microbial cellulose—the natural power to heal wounds. Biomaterials 27, 145–151 (2006)

23.

Czaja, W.K., Young, D.J., Kawecki, M., Brown Jr, R.M.: The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 8, 1–12 (2007)

24.

Cienchanska, D.: Multifunctional bacterial cellulose/chitosan composite materials for medical applications. Fibres Text. East. Eur. 12, 69–72 (2004)

25.

Legeza, V.I., Galenko-Yaroshevskii, V.P., Zinovev, E.V., Paramonov, B.A., Kreichman, G.S., Turkovskii, I.I., Gumenyuk, E.S., Karnovich, A.G., Khripunov, A.K.: Effects of new wound dressings on healing of thermal burns of the skin in acute radiation disease. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 138, 311–315 (2004)

26.

Wan, W.K., Millon, L.E.: Poly(vinyl alcohol)-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite; U.S. Patent Appl., Publ. US 2005037082 A1, 16 (2005)

27.

Sokolnicki, A.M., Fisher, R.J., Harrah, T.P., Kaplan, D.L.: Permeability of bacterial cellulose membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 272, 15–27 (2006)

28.

Charpentier, P.A., Maguire, A., Wan, W.: Surface modification of polyester to produce a bacterial cellulose-based vascular prosthetic device. Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 6360–6367 (2006)

29.

Klemm, D., Schumann, D., Udhardt, U., Marsch, S.: Bacterial synthesized cellulose—artificial blood vessels for microsurgery. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1561–1603 (2001)

30.

Backdahl, H., Helenius, G., Bodin, A., Nannmark, U., Johansson, B.R., Risberg, B., Gatenholm, P.: Mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose and interactions with smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 27, 2141–2149 (2006)

31.

Wan, W.K., Hutter, J.L., Millon, L., Guhados, G.: Bacterial cellulose and its nanocomposites for biomedical applications. ACS Symp. Ser. 938, 221–241 (2006)

32.

Iwamoto, S., Nakagaito, A.N., Yano, H., Nogi, M.: Optically transparent composites reinforced with plant fiber-based nanofibers. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 81, 1109–1112 (2005)

33.

Ifuku, S., Nogi, M., Abe, K., Handa, K., Nakatsubo, F., Yano, H.: Surface modification of bacterial cellulose nanofibers for property enhancement of optically transparent composites: dependence on acetyl-group DS. Biomacromolecules 8, 1973–1978 (2007)

34.

Yano, H., Sugiyama, J., Nakagaito, A.N., Nogi, M., Matsuura, T., Hikita, M., Handa, K.: Optically transparent composites reinforced with networks of bacterial nanofibers. Adv. Mater. 17, 153–155 (2005)

35.

Podsiadlo, P., Sui, L., Elkasabi, Y., Burgardt, P., Lee, J., Miryala, A., Kusumaatmaja, W., Carman, M., Shtein, M., Kieffer, J., Lahann, J., Kotov, N.: Layer-by-layer assembled films of cellulose nanowires with antireflective properties. Langmuir 23, 7901–7906 (2007)

36.

Legnani, C., Vilani, C., Calil, V.L., Barud, H.S., Quirino, W.G., Achete, C.A., Ribeiro, S.J.L., Cremona, M.: Bacterial cellulose membrane as flexible substrate for organic light emitting devices. Thin Solid Films 517, 1016–1020 (2008)

37.

Svagan, A.J., Samir, M.A.S.A., Berglund, L.A.: Biomimetic foams of high mechanical performance based on nanostructured cell walls reinforced by native cellulose nanofibrils. Adv. Mater. 20, 1263–1269 (2008)

38.

van den Berg, O., Schroeter, M., Capadona, J.R., Weder, C.: Nanocomposites based on cellulose whiskers and (semi)conducting conjugated polymers. Material Chememistry 17, 2746–2753 (2007)

39.

Agarwal, M., Lvov, Y., Varahramyan, K.: Conductive wood microfibres for smart paper through layer-by-layer nanocoating. Nanotechnology 17, 5319–5325 (2006)

40.

Kumar, M.N.V.R.: A review of chitin and chitosan applications. React. Funct. Polym. 46, 1–27 (2000)

41.

Kobayashi, S., Kiyosada, T., Shoda, S.-I.: Synthesis of artificial chitin: irreversible catalytic behavior of a glycosyl hydrolase through a transition state analogue substrate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 13113–13114 (1996)

42.

Sakamoto, J., Sugiyama, J., Kimura, S., Imai, T., Itoh, T., Watanabe, T., Kobayashi, S. Macromolecules, 33, 4155-4160 (2000)

43.

Kadokawa, J.-I.: Precision polysaccharide synthesis catalyzed by enzymes. Chem. Rev. 111, 4308–4345 (2011)

44.

Paillet, M., Dufresne, A.: Macromolecules, 34, 6527–6530 (2001)

45.

Ahmed Jalal, U., Masahiro, F., Shinichiro, S., Yasuo, G.: Outstanding reinforcing effect of highly oriented chitin whiskers in PVA nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 87, 799–805 (2012)

46.

Phongying, S., Aiba, S., Chirachanchai, S.: Polymer, 48, 393–400 (2007)

47.

Noh, H.K., Lee, S.W., Kim, J.M., Oh, J.E., Kim, K.H., Chung, C.P., Choi, S.C., Park, W.H., Min, B.M.: Electrospinning of chitin nanofibers: degradation behavior and cellular response to normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Biomaterials. Biomaterials 27, 3934–3944 (2006)

48.

Park, K.E., Jung, S.Y., Lee, S.J., Min, B.M., Park, W.H.: Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds: preparation and characterization of chitin/silk fibroin blend nanofibers. Int. J. Biol. Macromol 38, 165–173 (2006)

49.

Park, K.E., Kang, H.K., Lee, S.J., Min, B.M., Park, W.H.: Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds: preparation and characterization of PGA/chitin blend nanofibers. Biomacromolecules 7, 635–643 (2006)

50.

Shalumon, K.T., Binulal, N.S., Selvamurugan, N., Nair, S.V., Menon, D., Furuike, T., Tamura, H., Jayakumar, R.: Carbohydr. Polym. 77, 863–869 (2009)

51.

Bhattarai, N., Edmondson, D., Veiseh, O., Matsen, F.A., Zhang, M.: Electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers and their cellular compatibility. Biomaterials 26, 6176–6184 (2005)

52.

Subramaniyan, A., Vu, D., Larsen, G.F., Lin, H.Y. J. Biomater. Sci. Poly. Ed. 7, 861–873 (2005)

53.

Mo, X., Chen, Z., Weber, H.J.: Front. Mater. Sci. 1, 20–23 (2007)

54.

Zhang, Y.Z., Venugopal, J.R., El-Turki, A., Ramakrishna, S., Su, B., Lim, C.T.: Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 29, 4314–4322 (2008)

55.

Yang, D., Jin, Y., Zhou, Y., Ma, G., Chen, X., Lu, F.Nie.: In situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffolds. Macromolcule. Biosci. 8, 239–246 (2008)

56.

Whistler, R.L., BeMiller, J.N., Paschall, B.F.: Starch: chemistry and technology. Academic Press, New York (1984)

57.

Liao, H., Wu, C.: New biodegradable blends prepared from polylactide, titanium tetraisopropylate, and starch. J Appl. Poly. Sci. 108, 2280–2289 (2008)

58.

Carr. L., Parra, D., Ponce, P., Lugão, A., Buchler, P.: Influence of fibers on the mechanical properties of cassava starch foams. J. Polym. Environ. 14, 179–183 (2006)

59.

Gattin, R., Copinet, A., Bertrand, C., Couturier, Y.: Biodegradation study of a starch and poly(lactic acid) co-extruded material in liquid, composting and inert mineral media. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 50, 25–31 (2002)

60.

Wang. L.; Shogren, R. L.; Carriere, C.: Poly. Eng. Sci. 40, 499–506 (2000)

61.

Averous, L.: Biodegradable multiphase systems based on plasticized starch. J. Macromol. Sci.-Poly. Rev. C44, 231-274 (2004)

62.

Vidal, R., Martinez, P., Mulet, E.: Environmental assessment of biodegradable multilayer film derived from carbohydrate polymers. J. Polym. Environ. 15, 159–168 (2007)

63.

Martin. O.; Schwach. E.; Avérous. L.; Couturier. Y.: properties of biodegradable multilayer films based on plasticized wheat starch. Starch–Stärke 53, 372–380 (2001)

64.

Gattin, R., Copinet, A., Bertrand, C., Couturier, Y.: Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 50, 25–31 (2002)

65.

Famá, Lucía., Gañan Rojo, Piedad., Bernal, Celina., Goyanes, Silvia.: Biodegradable starch based nanocomposites with low water vapor permeability and high storage modulus. Carbohydr. Polym. 87(3), 1989–1993 (2012)

66.

Glycine max. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database

67.

Riaz, Mian.N.: Soy Applications in Food. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006). ISBN 0-8493-2981-7

68.

Liu, D., Chen, H., Chang, P.R., Qinglin, W., Li, K., Guan, L.: Biomimetic soy protein nanocomposites with calcium carbonate crystalline arrays for use as wood adhesive. Bioresour. Technol. 101(15), 6235–6241 (2010)

69.

Kumar, P., Sandeep, K.P., Alavi, S., Truong, V.D., Gorga, R.E.: Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion. Food Eng. 100(3), 480–489 (2010)

70.

Jong, L., Peterson, S.C.: Effects of soy protein nanoparticle aggregate size on the viscoelastic properties of styrene–butadiene composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 39(11), 1768–1777 (2008)

71.

Su, J.-F., Yuan, X.Y., Huang, Z., Xia, W.L.: Properties stability and biodegradation behaviors of soy protein isolate/poly (vinyl alcohol) blend films. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95(7), 1226–1237 (2010)

72.

Kumar, R., Zhang, L.: Aligned ramie fiber reinforced arylated soy protein composites with improved properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69(5), 555–560 (2009)

73.

Mariani, P.D.S.C., Allganer, K., Oliveira, F.B., Cardoso, E.J.B.N., Innocentini-Mei, L.H.: Effect of soy protein isolate on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) and corn starch blends. Polym. Testing 28(8), 824–829 (2009)

74.

Vega-Lugo, A.-C., Lim, L.T.: Controlled release of allyl isothiocyanate using soy protein and poly(lactic acid) electrospun fibers. Food Res. Int. 42(8), 933–940 (2009)

75.

Wang,W., Wang, A.: Preparation, characterization and properties of superabsorbent nanocomposites based on natural guar gum and modified rectorite. Carbohydr. Polym. 77, 4, 19, 891–897 (2009)

76.

Peles, Z., Zilberman, M.: Novel soyprotein wound dressings with controlled antibiotic release: Mechanical and physical properties. Acta Biomater. 8(1), 209–217 (2012)

77.

Frinault, A., Gallant, D.J., Bouchet, B., Dumont, J.P.: Preparation of casein films by a modified wet spinning process. J. Food Sci. 62(4), 744–747 (1997)

78.

Fox, P.F., Kelly, A.L.: The caseins. In: Yada R.Y (ed.) Proteins In Food Processing. Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC, Cambridge, UK (2004)

79.

Walstra, P., Wouters, J., Geurts, T.: Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd edn. CRC Press LLC, New York, USA (2006)

80.

Dickinson, E.: Casein in emulsions: interfacial properties and interactions. Int. Dairy J. 9, 305–312(1999)

81.

Horn, D.S.: Casein interactions: casting light on the black boxes, the structure in dairy products. Int. Dairy J. 8, 171–177 (1998)

82.

Farrell, H.M., Malin, E.L., Brown, E.M., Mora-Gutierrezt. A.: Review of the chemistry of α_s2-casein and the generation of the homologous molecular model to explain its properties. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 1338–1353 (2009)

83.

Ginger, M.R., Grignor, M.R.: Comparative aspects of milk caseins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 124(2), 133–145 (1999)

84.

Chen, H.: Functional properties and applications of edible films made of milk proteins. Dairy Sci. 78, 2563–2583 (1995)

85.

Pojanavaraphan, T., Magaraphan, R., Chiou, B.S., Schiraldi, D.A.: Development of biodegradable foamlike materials based on casein and sodium montmorillonite clay. Biomacromolecules 11, 2640–2646 (2010)

86.

Usov, A.I.: Alginic acids and alginates: analytical methods used for their estimation and characterization of composition and primary structure. Russ. Chem. Rev. 68, 957–966 (1999)

87.

Chèze-Lange, H., Beunard, D., Dhulster, P., Guillochon, D., Cazé, A.M., Morcellet, M., Saude, N., Junter, G.A.: Production of microbial alginate in a membrane bioreactor. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 30, 656–661 (2002)

88.

Hernández-Carmona, G., McHuge, D.J., Arvizu-Higuera, D.L., Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y.E.: Pilot plant scale extraction of alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera. 1. Effect of pre-extraction treatments on yield and quality of alginate. J. Appl. Phycol. 10, 507–513 (1999)

89.

Gómez, C.G., Pérez Lambrecht, M.V., Lozano, J.E., Rinaudo, M., Villar, M.A.: Influence of extraction-purification conditions on final properties of alginates obtained from brown algae (Macrocystis pyrifera). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 44, 365–371 (2009)

90.

Usov, A.I.: Alginic acids and alginates: analytical methods used for their estimation and characterization of composition and primary structure. Russ. Chem. Rev. 68, 957–966 (1999)

91.

92.

Draget, K.I., Taylor, C.: Chemical, physical and biological properties of alginates and their biomedical implications. Food Hydrocolloids 25, 251–256 (2011)

93.

Gong, J.P., Katsuyama, Y., Kurokawa, T., Osada, Y.: Double network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength. Adv. Mater. 15, 1155–1158 (2003)

94.

Hampson, F.C., Farndale, A., Strugala, V., Sykes, J., Jolliffe, I.G., Dettmar, P.W.: Alginate rafts and their characterisation. Int. J. Pharm. 294, 137–147 (2005)

95.

Becker, T.A., Preul, M.C., Bichard, W.D., Kipke, D.R., McDougall, C.G.: Calcium alginate gel as a biocompatible material for endovascular arteriovenous malformation embolization: six-month results in an animal model. Neurosurgery 56, 793–803 (2005)

96.

Thomas, A., Harding, K.G., Moore, K.: Alginates from wound dressings activate human macrophages to secret tumour necrosis factor-∝. Biomaterials 21, 1797–1802 (2000)

97.

Paul, W., Sharma, C.P.: Chitosan and alginate wound dressings: a short review. Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs 18, 18–23 (2004)

98.

Lebo, S.E. Jr., Gargulak, J.D., McNally, T.J.: Lignin.: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. doi: 10.1002/0471238961.12090714120914.a01.pub2 (2001)

99.

Martone, P.T., Estevez, J.M., Lu, F., Ruel, K., Denny, M.W, Somerville, C., Ralph, J.: Discovery of lignin in seaweed reveals convergent evolution of cell-wall architecture. Curr. Biol. CB19 (2), 169–75. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.031. ISSN0960-9822. PMID19167225 (2009)

100.

Sjöström, E.: Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. Academic Press, ISBN (1993). 012647480X

101.

Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., Baucher, M.: Lignin bios. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol, 54(1), 519–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938. PMID 14503002 (2003)

102.

Darie, R.N., Cazacu, G., Vasile, C.: Melt processing and physico-chemical characterisation of some synthetic polymer (PVA)/natural polymer (lignin) systems, Iasi Academic Days, Progress in Organic and Polymer Chemistry,22nd (edn.), Iasi, Oct 8–10 (2009)

103.

Ciolacu, D., Darie, R.N., Cazacu, G.: Polymeric systems based on lignin—poly(vinyl alcohol), in Binders, composites and other applications based on Lignins. In: Totolin, M., Cazacu, G (eds.), pp. 170–194. PIM Publising, Iasi, ISBN 606-520-740-3 (2010)

104.

Baumberger, S., Lapierre, C., Monties, B., Della Valle, G.: Use of kraft lignin as filler for starch films. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 59, 273–277 (1998)

105.

Stevens, E.S., Willett, J.L., Shogren, R.L.: Thermoplastic starch—kraft lignin—glycerol blends. J. Biobased Mat. Bioen. 1(3), 351–359 (2007)

106.

Tian, D., Hu, W., Zheng, Z., Liu, H., Xie, H.-Q.: Study on in situ synthesis of konjac glucomannan/silver nanocomposites via photochemical reduction. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100, 1323–1327 (2006)

107.

Ye, X., Kennedy, J.F., Li, B., Xie, B.J.: Condensed state structure and biocompatibility of the konjac glucomannan/chitosan blend films. Carbohydr. Polym. 64, 532–538 (2006)

108.

Wang, B., Jia, D.-Y., Ruan, S.-Q., Qin, S.: Structure and properties of collagen-konjac glucomannan-sodium alginate blend films. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106, 327–332 (2007)

109.

Yu, Z., Jiang, Y., Zou, W., Duan, J., Xiong, X.: Preparation and characterization of cellulose and konjac glucomannan blend film from ionic liquid. Polym. Sci, Part B: Polym. Phys 47, 1686–1694 (2009)

110.

Cheng, L.H., Karim, A.A., Seow, C.C.: Characterisation of composite films made of konjac glucomannan (KGM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and lipid. Food Chem. 107, 411–418 (2008)

111.

Xiao, C., Liu, H., Gao, S., Zhang, L.: Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) –konjac glucomannan blend films. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. 37(9), 1009–1021 (2000)

112.

Mikkonen, K.S., Heikkilä, M.I., Helén, H., Hyvönen, L., Tenkanen, M.: Spruce galactoglucomannan films show promising barrier properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 79(4), 1107–1112 (2010)

113.

Hosseinaei, Omid., Wang, Siqun., Taylor, Adam.M.: Jae-Woo Kim Effect of hemicellulose extraction on water absorption and mold susceptibility of wood–plastic composites. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 71, 29–35 (2012)

114.

Gatenholm, P., Klemm, D.: Bacterial nanocellulose as a renewable material for biomedical applications. MRS Bull. 35(3), 208–213 (2010)

115.

Zugenmaier, P.: Conformation and packing of various crystalline cellulose fibers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1341–1417 (2001)

116.

Keshk, S.M.A.S., Sameshima, K.: Evaluation of different carbon sources for bacterial cellulose production. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 4, 478–482 (2005)

117.

Jung, J.Y., Park, J.K., Chang, H.N.: Bacterial cellulose production by Gluconoacetobacter hansenii in an agitated culture without living non-cellulose producing cells. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 37, 347–354 (2005)

118.

Bodin, A., Concaro, S., Brittberg, M., Gatenholm, P.: Bacterial cellulose as a potential meniscus implant. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 1, 406–408 (2007)

119.

Barbara, J.A.: Does A New Cellulose Dressing Have Potential In Chronic Wounds? 2004. http://www.podiatrytoday.com/article/2311, visited 7 Feb 2011

120.

Aslan, M., Simsek, G., Dayl, E.: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) on healing bone defects: a histological study in rabbits. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 2(5), 114–123 (2004)

121.

Carvalho, R.S., Nelson, D., Keldernian, H., et al.: Guided bone regeneration to repair an osseous defect. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 123, 455–467 (2003)

122.

Czaja, W.K., Young, D.J., Kawecki, M.: The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 8, 1 (2007)

123.

Shoda, M., Sugano, Y.: Recent advances in bacterial cellulose production. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 10, 1–8 (2005)

124.

Ummartyotin, S., Juntaro, J., Sain, M., Manuspiya, H.: Development of transparent bacterial cellulose nanocomposite film as substrate for flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. Ind. Crops Prod. 35(1), 92–97 (2012)

125.

Iamaguti, L.S., Brandão, C.V.S., Pellizzon, C.H., Ranzani, J.J.T., Minto, B.W.: Análise histológica e morfométrica do uso de membrana biossintética de celulose em trocleoplastia experimental de cães. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 28(4), 195–200 (2008)

126.

Helenius, G., Bäckdahl, H., Bodin, A., Nannmark, U., Gatenholm, P., Risberg, B.: In vivo biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 76, 431–438 (2006)

127.

Salata, L.A., Hatton, P.V., Devlin, A.J.: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of e-PTFE and alkali-cellulose membranes for guided bone regeneration. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 12(1), 62–68 (2001)

128.

Cockbill, S.M.E.: Evaluation in vivo and in vitro of the performance of interactive dressings in the management of animal soft tissue injuries. In: Veterinary Dermatology, 9(2), 87–98. ISSN 0959-4493 (1998)

129.

Macedo, N.L., Matuda, F.S., Macedo, L.G.S., Monteiro, A.S.F., Valera, M.C., Carvalho, Y.R.: Evaluation of two membranes in guided bone tissue regeneration: histological study in rabbits. Braz. J. Oral Sci. 3, 395 (2004)

130.

Södergård, A., Mikael, S.: Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composition. Prog. Polym. Sci. 27(6), 1123–1163 (2002)

131.

Middelton, J.C., Tipton, A.J.: Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices. Biomaterial 21(23), 2335–2346 (2000)

132.

Niţă, T.: Concepts in biological analysis of resorbable materials in oro-maxillofacial surgery. Revista de Chirurgie Oro-Maxilo-Facială şi Implantologie, 2(1), 33–38 (2011)

133.

Royte, E.: Corn Plastic to the Rescue. Smithsonian Magazine. (2006)

134.

Najafi, N., Heuzey, M.C., Carreau, P.J.: Polylactide (PLA)-clay nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding in the presence of a chain extender. Compos. Sci. Technol 72(5), 608–615 (2012)

135.

Keshavarz, T., Roy, I.: Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 13, 321–326 (2010)

136.

Philip, S., Keshavarz, T., Roy, I.: Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 82, 233–247 (2007)

137.

Du, G., Si, Y., Yu, J.: Inhibitory effects of medium-chain-length fatty acid on synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from volatile fatty acid by Ralstonia eutrophus. Biotechnol. Lett. 23, 1617–1623 (2001)

138.

Salehizadeh, H., Van Loosdrecht, M.: Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by mixed culture: recent trends and biotechnological importance. Biotechnol. Adv. 22, 261–279 (2004)

139.

Stock, U., Sakamoto, T., Hastuoka, S., Martin, D., Nagashima, M., Moran, A., Moses, M., Khalil, P., Schoen, F., Vacanti, J., Mayer, J.: Patch augmentation of the pulmonary artery with bioabsorbable polymers and autologous cell seeding. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 120, 1158–1168 (2000)

140.

Valappil, S., Misra, S., Boccaccini, A., Roy, I.: Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates, an overview of animal testing and in vivo responses. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 3(6), 853–868 (2006)

141.

Thibaut, G., Tatiana, B.: Morphology and molten-state rheology of polylactide and polyhydroxyalkanoate blends. Eur. Polym. J. 48(6), 1110–1117 (2012)

142.

Bing, M., Jingjing, D., Qing, L., Zhihua, W., Wei, Y.: Transparent and ductile poly(lactic acid)/poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) blends: structure and properties. Eur. Polym. J. 48(1), 127–135 (2012)

Titel: Natural Polymers: Their Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites: State of Art, New Challenges and Opportunities
verfasst von: P. M Visakh
Aji P. Mathew
Sabu Thomas
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Advances in Natural Polymers
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20939-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-20940-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_1

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht