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2013 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Observer-Based Fault Estimation and Accomodation for Dynamic Systems

verfasst von: Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Due to the increasing security and reliability demand of actual industrial process control systems, the study on fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of dynamic systems has received considerable attention. Fault accommodation (FA) is one of effective methods that can be used to enhance system stability and reliability, so it has been widely and in-depth investigated and become a hot topic in recent years.

Fault detection is used to monitor whether a fault occurs, which is the first step in FA. On the basis of fault detection, fault estimation (FE) is utilized to determine online the magnitude of the fault, which is a very important step because the additional controller is designed using the fault estimate. Compared with fault detection, the design difficulties of FE would increase a lot, so research on FE and accommodation is very challenging. Although there have been advancements reported on FE and accommodation for dynamic systems, the common methods at the present stage have design difficulties, which limit applications of respective design approaches.

Therefore, the problems of FE and accommodation are needed to be further studied. This book considers the theory and technology of FE and accommodation for dynamic systems, and establishes a systemic and comprehensive framework of FE and accommodation for continuous/discrete-time systems.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Introduction
Abstract
Increased productivity requirements and stringent performance specifications lead to more demanding operating conditions of many modern engineering systems. Such conditions increase the possibility of system failures. Sensor, actuator or plant failures may drastically change the system behavior, resulting in degradation or even instability. In order to improve efficiency, the reliability can be achieved by fault tolerant control (FTC), which relies on early detection of faults, using fault diagnosis (FD ) procedures, as shown in Figure 1.1 So FD has become an attractive topic and received considerable attention.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
FAFE of Continuous-Time Systems
Abstract
Some researchers pay attention to adaptive observer based FE approaches [65, 67, 68, 121, 123, 125, 157]. The advantage of adaptive observer is that the state vector estimation and fault vector estimation can be obtained simultaneously. However, the main problems in the use of adaptive observer based FE are first to achieve the performance requirements of FE, i.e., rapidity and accuracy, and second to fulfill the stringent equation constraint and solve them to obtain the design parameters.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
FAFE of Continuous-Time Linear Systems with Time Delay
Abstract
It is well known that time delay frequently occurs in many practical systems, such as manufacturing systems, telecommunication and economic systems. Therefore, time-delay systems have been a hot research area for the last few decades. There are two types of time-delay systems: retarded and neutral. The retarded type contains delays only in its states, whereas the neutral type contains delays both in its states and in the derivative of its states. The design methods for time-delay systems can be classified into two categories: delay-dependent and delay-independent. Delay-independent condition does not take the delay size into consideration, and thus is often conservative for systems with small delay. Therefore, in recent years, much attention has been drawn to the development of delay-dependent conditions, and many important results have been reported in the literature. Since delay-dependent methods make use of information on the length of delay, they are generally less conservative than delay-independent ones when the size of the delay is small. However, these results are only about delay-dependent stability analysis, and few results are obtained to FE design for time-delay systems.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
Fast FA for Loss of Actuator Effectiveness
Abstract
In Chapters 2 and 3, we have studied a class of additive faults. Compared to this type of faults, multiplicative faults are more applicable in some areas, such as flight control systems. Multiplicative faults can be expressed as the loss of actuator effectiveness, which is a very typical type of faults and has important research value. Prof. S.X. Ding in Duisburg-Essen University and Prof. C. Edwards in University of Leicester have discussed the type of faults in details and stressed the importance of such faults [24, 31].
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
FFEO Based FA for Linear Systems
Abstract
In the above three chapters, we have studied the adaptive observer -based FE and accommodation. One of its distinguishing feature is that through adaptive observer, the state and fault vectors can be estimated simultaneously, especially for some of the actual systems whose the state vector is not fully measurable. Adaptive observer, however, needs to meet the SPR condition, and it also does not handle uncertainty systems with external disturbances. After detailed analysis, it was found that not all systems can use the adaptive observer for FE, while it has a specific application scope, which are not explicitly given in the literatures [67, 68, 121, 123], so brought a lot of difficulties for solving adaptive observer parameters. Recently, literatures [145, 147] pointed out the adaptive observer need to meet certain necessary conditions, which further clarified its scope. However, this condition also strictly limit its application. Therefore, how to retain the advantages of adaptive observer and broaden its application scopes, which will be the focus of this chapter.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
RFEO Based FA for Linear Systems
Abstract
As far as FE is concerned, a FFEO design is proposed in Chapter 5 to broaden the application scope of adaptive observer , but the on-line fault estimate at time k requires the output vector at time k – 1. Meanwhile, in [60, 100], a FE approach using a special coordinate transformation was studied, but the on-line fault estimate at time k needed the output vector at time k + 1. It is worth pointing out that due to the introduction of an estimation delay, such a case could be not suitable for practical situations. Therefore, how to use the current output to achieve FE is interesting and challenging.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
FA for T-S Fuzzy Models Based Nonlinear Systems
Abstract
Since most real systems are nonlinear in nature, FD and FTC applications to industrial and commercial processes require nonlinear models to be specifically taken into account. T-S fuzzy models are based on a set of if-then rules which give a local linear representation of an underlying nonlinear system and it is well-known that such models can describe or approximate a wide class of nonlinear systems. This is why they have attracted considerable attention and given rise to many important results [9, 27, 34, 40, 64, 81, 85, 87]. However, most address stability analysis and feedback stabilization, and very few address the issues of FE and accommodation.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
Helicopter Platform Applications
Abstract
The helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. Compared to fixed-wing aircraft, helicopter itself has some of its unique features, such as the helicopter can be done at low altitude, low speed and head direction of the same maneuvers, in particular, vertical takeoff and landing in a very small area venues. Therefore, these characteristics of the helicopter make it not only have a wide range of applications in the military, but also gain the increasing popularity in the civilian aspects. The helicopter flight control system is an important part of the helicopter, so it is helicopter flight performance and safety performance plays an extremely important role. Now, with the urgent needs of high-performance helicopters in the world, the helicopter flight control systems become increasingly important. At the same time, during the flight, the helicopter inevitably is subject to outside interferences, such as noises, aerodynamic characteristics change, actuator and sensor faults, which directly affect the helicopter flight performance and safety performance. Therefore, the study of reliability and security for helicopter systems has a very important practical significance and research value.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
Conclusions and Future Research Directions
Abstract
Based on the previous works, this book comprehensively studies theoretical methods and techniques of FE and accommodation for linear systems and T-S fuzzy models based nonlinear systems, and establishes a systemic framework for continuous-time and discrete-time systems.
Ke Zhang, Bin Jiang, Peng Shi
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Observer-Based Fault Estimation and Accomodation for Dynamic Systems
verfasst von
Ke Zhang
Bin Jiang
Peng Shi
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-33986-8
Print ISBN
978-3-642-33985-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33986-8

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