Scientific Research II

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-VIII

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2. Applying Scientific Ideas

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-2

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   2. Explanation

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 3-65

   3. Prediction

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 66-120

   4. Action

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 121-150

3. Testing Scientific Ideas

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 151-152

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   2. Observation

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 153-193

   3. Measurement

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 194-250

   4. Experiment

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 251-289

   5. Concluding

      • Mario Bunge

      Pages 290-361

4. Back Matter

   Pages 362-374

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This volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence

• Cartesian
• Search for Truth
• Wissenschaft
• conditional
• eros
• individual
• proposition
• reduction
• science
• subject
• translation

• McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  Mario Bunge

Policies and ethics