Abstract
In freshwater bivalves development takes place in three ways (Fig. 6.1).
-
1.
By producing veliger larvae as in Dreissena polymorpha, which is particularly successful wherever it first appears.
-
2.
By releasing fully developed young mussels from brood pouches (viviparity) as in Sphaeriidae.
-
3.
By passing early development as a parasitic stage on a host as in naiads (Unionoida).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen E (1924) The existence of a short reproductive cycle in Anodonta imbecillis. Biol Bull 46:88–94
Altaba CR (1990) The last known population of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera auricularia (Bivalvia, Unionida): a conservation priority. Biol Conserv 52:271–286
Araujo R, Ramos MA (1998) Description of the glochidium of Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler 1793) (Bivalvia, Unionoidea). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 353:1553–1559
Arey LB (1932a) The formation and structure of the glochidial cyst. Biol Bull 62:212–221
Arey LB (1932b) The nutrition of glochidia during metamorphosis. J Morphol 53:201–221
Barfield M, Watters GT (1999) Non-parasitic life cycle in the green floater, Lasmigona subviridis (Conrad, 1835). Trian Unionid Rep 16:22
Bauer G (1987) The parasitic stage of the freshwater pearl mussel. II. Suspectibility of brown trout. Arch Hydrobiol 76:403–412
Bauer G (1989) Die bionomische Strategie der Flußperlmuschel. Biol Unserer Zeit 19:69–75
Bauer G (1994) The adaptive value of offspring size among freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionoidea). J Anim Ecol 63:933–944
Bauer G, Vogel C (1987) The parasitic stage of the freshwater pearl mussel. I. Host response to glochidiosis. Arch Hydrobiol 76:393–402
Bauer T (1992) Untersuchungen zur Hälterung einheimischer Unioniden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der frühen postparasitären Phase von Unio tumidus Philipsson und Unio pictorum Linnaeus. Dipl Thesis, Universität Hannover
Bednarczuk J (1986) Untersuchungen zu Wirtsfischspektrum und Entwicklung der Bachmuschel Unio crassus. Thesis, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Bonetto A (1959) Contribución al conocimiento de las gloquidias del genero Diplodon. Primer Congr. Sudamer. Zool La Plata 2:43–59
Bonetto A (1961) Nuevas notas sobre formas larvales de Nayades Sud y Centroamericanas. Physis 21:332–335
Bonetto A, Ezcurra I (1965) Estudio comparado de las formas larvales de Mutelidae Ortmann y su significacion sistematica y zoogeografica (Mollusca, Pelecypoda). An Segundo Congr Lat Am Zool 2:55–71
Buddensiek V (1991) Untersuchungen zu den Aufwuchsbedingungen der Flußperlmuschel Margaritifera margaritifera LINNAEUS (Bivalvia). Thesis, Universität Hannover
Buddensiek V (1995) The culture of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera L. in cages: a contribution to conservation programmes and the knowledge of habitat requirements. Biol Conserv 74(1):33–40
Buddensiek V, Engel H, Fleischauer-Rössing S, Wächtler K (1993) Studies of the chemistry of interstitial water taken from defined horizons in the fine sediments of bivalve habitats in several northern German lowland waters. II: Microhabitats of Margaritifera margaritifera L., Unio crassus (Philipsson) and Unio tumidus Philipsson. Arch Hydrobiol 127:151–166
Carus CG (1832) Neue Untersuchungen über die Entwicklungsgeschichte unserer Flußmuschel. Verh K Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akad Naturforsch 16:1–87
Claes M (1987) Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungsbiologie der Teichmuschel Anodonta cygnea. Dipl Thesis, Universität Hannover
Coker RE, Shira AF, Clark HW, Howard AD (1921) Natural history and propagation of freshwater mussels. Bull US Bur Fish (Doc 893)37:75–181
Dettmer R (1982) Untersuchungen zur Ökologie der Flußperlmuschel (Margaritifera margaritifera) L. in der Lutter im Vergleich mit bayrischen und schottischen Vorkommen. Dipl Thesis, Universität Hannover
Dreher-Mansur MC (1998) Hyriidae (Unionoida) glochidia: a review of the discoveries and descriptions of unknown or little-known larvae. In: Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998, p 207
Dreher-Mansur MC, Olazarri J (1995) Redescription, distribution and habitat preferences of Anodontites ferrarisi (Orbigny, 1835) revalidated (Bivalvia, Unionoida, Mycetopodidae). Iheringia Ser Zool 0(79):3–12
Engel H (1990) Untersuchungen zur Autökologie von Unio crassus (PHILIPSSON) in Norddeutschland. Thesis, Universität Hannover
Engel H, Wächtler K (1990) Folgen von Bachentkrautungsmaßnahmen auf einen Süßwassermuschelbestand am Beispiel eines kleinen Fließgewässers des Südlichen Drawehn (Lüchow-Dannenberg). Natur Landschaft 65:63–65
Falk L (1995) Das ektoparasitische Larvenstadium der afrikanischen Süßwassermuschel Mutela bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT 1885. Thesis, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Falk L, Hermann F, Wächtler K (1996) Mutela bourguignati: Eine afrikanische Süßwassermuschel mit abweichender Entwicklung. Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 89.1:326
Fleischauer-Rössing S (1990) Untersuchungen zur Autökologie von Unio tumidus Philipsson und Unio pictorum L. (Bivalvia) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der frühen postparasitären Phase. Thesis, Universität Hannover
Fryer G (1959) Development in a mutelid lamellibranch. Nature (Lond) 183:1342–1343
Fryer G (1961) The developmental history of Mutela bourguignati (Ancey) bourguignat (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Philos Trans R Soc Edinb B 244:259–298
Fryer G (1970) Biological aspects of parasitism of freshwater fishes by crustaceans and molluscs. Symp Br Soc Parasitol 8:103–118
Fuller SL (1974) Clams and mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia). In: Hart CW, Fuller LH (eds) Pollution ecology of freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York, pp 215–273
Gatenby CM, Parker BC, Neves RJ (1997) Growth and survival of juvenile rainbow mussels, Villosia iris (Lea, 1829) (Bivalvia: Unionidae), reared on algal diets and sediment. Am Malacol Bull 14(1):57–66
Giusti F (1973) The minute shell structure of the glochidium of some species of the genera Unio, Potamida and Anodonta (Bivalvia, Unionacea). Malacologia 14:291–301
Giusti F, Castagnolo L, Moretti FL, Renzoni A (1975) The reproductive cycle and the glochidium of Anodonta cygnea L. from Lago Trasimeno (Central Italy). Monit Zool Ital 9:99–118
Gordon ME, Smith DG (1990) Autumnal reproduction in Cumberlandia monodonta (Unionidea: Margaritiferidae). Trans Am Microsc Soc 109:407–411
Haag WR, Warren ML Jr (1997) Host fishes and reproductive biology of six freshwater mussel species from the Mobile Basin, USA. J North Am Benthol Soc 16(3):576–585
Haag WR, Butler RS, Hartfield PD (1995) An extraordinary reproductive strategy in freshwater bivalves: prey mimicry to facilitate larval dispersal. Freshwater Biol 34(3):471–476
Heard WH (1998) Brooding patterns in freshwater mussels. Malacol Rev Bivalvia I Suppl 7:105–121
Herbers K (1914) Entwicklungsgeschichte von Anodonta cellensis Schröt. Z Wiss Zool 108:1–174
Herrmann F (1995) Untersuchungen zum Lebenszyklus der afrikanischen Süßwassermuschel Mutela bourguignati Bourguignat 1885. Thesis, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Hetzel U (1993) Reproduktionsbiologie —Aspekte der Viviparie bei Sphaeriidae mit dem Untersuchungsschwerpunkt Musculium lacustre (O. F. Müller 1774) (Bivalvia; Eulamellibranchiata). Thesis, Universität Hannover
Hochwald S (1997) Populationsökologie der Bachmuschel (Unio crassus). Bayreuther Forum Ökologie, Band 50, Bayreuth
Hochwald S, Bauer G (1990) Untersuchungen zur Populationsökologie und Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Bachmuschel Unio crassus Phil. 1788. Schriftenr Bayer Landesamtes Umweltschutz 97:31–49
Hoggarth MA (1992) An examination of the glochidia-host relationships reported in the literature for North American species of Unionacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Malacol Data Net 3(1–4):1–30
Hoggarth MA, Gaunt AS (1988) Mechanics of glochidial attachment (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae). J Morphol 198:71–81
Howard AD (1914a) Some cases of narrowly restricted parasitism among commercial species of fresh water mussels. Trans Am Fish Soc 44:41–44
Howard AD (1914b) A new record in rearing fresh water mussels. Trans Am Fish Soc 44:45–47
Howard AD (1915) Some exceptional cases of breeding among the Unionidae. Nautilus 29:4–11
Howard AD (1951) A river mussel parasitic on a salamander. Nat Hist Miscellanea 77:1–6
Howells RG (1997a) Status of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Big Ticket region of eastern Texas. Texas J Sci 49(3):21–34
Howells RG (1997b) New fish hosts for nine freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Texas. Texas J Sci 49(3):255–258
Hüby B (1988) Zur Entwicklungsbiologie der Fließgewässermuschel Pseudanodonta complanata. Thesis, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Humphrey CL, Simpson RD (1985) The biology and ecology of Velesunio angasi (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) in the Malaga Creek, Northern Territory. Report to the Office of Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region, Kingston, Australia, Open File Record 38:476 pp, 2 appendices
Jones HA, Simpson RD, Humphrey CL (1986) The reproductive cycles and glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) of the Macleay River, northern New South Wales, Australia. Malacologia 27:185–202
Jupiter SD, Byrne M (1997) Light and scanning electron microscopy of the embryos and glochidia larvae of the Australian freshwater bivalve Hyridella depressa (Hyriidae). Invertebrate Reprod Dev 32(2):177–186
Kinzelbach R, Nagel KO (1986) Redescription of the glochidium of Pseudanodonta complanata (Bivalvia, Unionidae). Verh Naturwiss Ver Hamb NF 28:65
Kirk GS, Layzer BJ (1997) Induced metamorphosis of freshwater mussel glochidia on nonhost fish. Nautilus 110(3):102–106
Kondo T (1984) Hosts of the larvae of Moncetia lavigeriana (Bivalvia: Mutelidae) in Lake Tanganyika. Venus Jpn J Malacol 43:347–352
Kondo T (1990) Reproductive biology of a small bivalve Grandidieria burtoni in Lake Tanganyika. Venus Jpn J Malacol 49:120–125
Kondo T, Yoshihara M, Motomochi T, Yamaguchi H (1997) Calcification of glochidial shells of some Japanese unionid mussels. Venus Jpn J Malacol 56(2):169–175
Kraemer LR (1970) The mantle flap in three species of Lampsilis (Pelecypoda: Unionidae). Malacologia 10:225–282
Kuhfuß T (1992) Histologische Untersuchungen zur Wirt-Parasit Beziehung während der Entwicklung von Unionidenarten (Bivalvia). Dipl Thesis, Universität Hannover
Lefevre G, Curtis WC (1910) Reproduction and parasitism in the Unionidae. J Exp Zool 9(1):79–115
Lefevre G, Curtis WC (1911) Metamorphosis without parasitism in the Unionidae. Science 33:863–865
Lefevre G, Curtis WC (1912) Studies on the reproduction and artificial propagation of freshwater mussels. Bull US Bur Fish 30:105–201
Leydig F (1866) Mittheilung über den Parasitismus junger Unioniden an Fischen in Noll. Tübingen, Inaugural-Dissertation, Frankfurt-am-Main
Maaß S (1987) Untersuchungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie einheimischer Süßwassermuscheln der Gattung Unio. Thesis, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Mackie GL (1984) Bivalves. In: Wilbuer KM (Editor in Chief) The Mollusca, vol 7. Reproduction. Academic Press, London, pp 351–418
Matteson MR (1955) Studies on the natural history of the Unionidae. Am Midl Nat 53:126–145
Nagel KO, Castagnolo L (1993) Fish hosts for the glochidium of Unio mancus. Riv Idrobiol 30(2–3):339–346
Neves RJ, Widlack JC (1988) Occurrence of glochidia in stream drift and on fishes of the upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia. Am Midl Nat 119:111–120
Neves RJ, Zale AV, Weaver LR (1985) An evaluation of host fish suitability for glochidia of Villosa vanuxemi and V. nebulosa (Pelecypoda: Unionidae). Am Midl Nat 113(1):13
Nezlin LP, Cunjak RA, Zotin AA, Zivganov VV (1994) Glochidium morphology of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) and glochidiosis of Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar): a study by scanning electron microscopy. Can J Zool 72:15–21
Niemeyer B (1992) Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur bionomischen Strategie der Teichmuschelarten Anodonta cygnea L. und Anodonta anatina L. Thesis, Universität Hannover
O’Dee SH (1998) New or confirmed host identifications for 11 freshwater mussels. In: Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington, DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998, p 242
Ortmann AE (1921a) The anatomy of certain mussels from the upper Tennessee. Nautilus 34:81–91
Ortmann AE (1921b) Marsupium and Glochidium der südamerikanischen Muscheln aus der Unterfamilie der Hyriinae. Arch Molluskenkd 53:103–111
Ortmann AE (1921c) South American naiades; a contribution to the knowledge of the freshwater mussels of South America. Mem Carnegie Mus 8:451–671
Panha S (1993) Glochidiosis and juvenile production in a freshwater pearl mussel, Chamberlainia hainesiana. Invertebr Reprod Dev 24(3):157–160
Panha S (1995) Glochidium shell morphology of Thai amblemid mussels. Venus Jpn J Malacol/Kairuigaku-zasshi 54(3):225–236
Parodiz JJ, Bonetto AA (1963) Taxonomy and Zoogeographie relationships of the South American najades (Pelecypoda: Unionacea and Mutelacea). Malacologia 1:179–213
Pekkarinen M (1996) Scanning electron microscopy, whole-mount histology, and histochemistry of two anodontine glochidia (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Can J Zool 74(11):1964–1973
Pekkarinen M, Englund VPM (1995a) Sizes of intramarsupial unionacean glochidia in Finland. Arch Hydrobiol 134(3):379–391
Pekkarinen M, Englund VPM (1995b) Description of unionacean glochidia in Finland, with a table aiding in their identification. Arch Hydrobiol 134(4):515–531
Pekkarinen M, Valovirta I (1996) Anatomy of the glochidia of the freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera (L.). Arch Hydrobiol 137(3):411–423
Prashad B (1918a) Studies on the anatomy of Indian Mollusca. 1. The marsupium and glochidium of the genus Physunio. Rec Indian Mus 14:183–185
Prashad B (1918b) Studies on the anatomy of Indian Mollusca. 2. The marsupium and glochidium of some Unionidae and on the Indian species hitherto assigned to the genus Nodularia. Rec Indian Mus 15:143–148
Rathke J (1797) Om Dam-Muslingen. Naturhist Selskabets Skr Kjöbenhavn 4:139–179
Raulerson L, Burbanck WD (1962) The life cycle and ecology of Elliptio hopetonensis Lea. Assoc Southeast Biol Bull 9:39 (Abstr)
Reynolds JD, Debuse VJ, Aldridge DC (1997) Host specialisation in an unusual Symbiosis: European bitterlings spawning in freshwater mussels. Oikos 78(3):539–545
Roe KJ (1998) Molecular systematics of the “superconglutinate” producing mussels of the genus Lampsilis (Bivalvia: Unionidae). In: Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998, p 280
Salomons W, De Rooij NM, Kerdijk H, Bril J (1987) Sediments as a source for contaminants? Hydrobiologia 149:13–30
Scharsack G (1994) Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Larvalstadien einheimischer Unionacea (Bivalvia; Eulamellibranchiata). Thesis, Universität Hannover
Schierholz C (1889) Über Entwicklung der Unioniden. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. Math Naturwiss Classe 55:183–214
Seshaiya RV (1941) Tadpoles as hosts for the glochidia of the fresh-water mussel. Curr Sei Bangalore 10:535–536
Seshaiya RV (1969) Some observations on the life histories of South Indian freshwater mussels. Malacologia 9(1):286–287
Shi-Anjing (1994) Observation on reproductive cells and glochidium of Anodonta woodiana pacifica with scanning electron microscope. Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexueban) 31(Spec Issue):170–174
Sylvester JR, Holland LE, Kammer TK (1984) Observations on burrowing rates and comments on host specificity in the endangered mussel Lampsilis higginsi. J Freshwater Ecol 2:555–559
Tankersley RA (1996) Multipurpose gills: effects of larval brooding on the feeding physiology of freshwater unionid mussels. Invertebr Biol 115(3):243–255
Tankersley RA, Dimock RV (1993a) Endoscopic visualization of the functional morphology of the ctenidia of the unionid mussel Pyganodon Cataracta. Can J Zool 71:811–819
Tankersley RA, Dimock RV (1993b) The effect of larval brooding on the respiratory physiology of the freshwater unionid mussel Pyganodon Cataracta. Am Midl Nat 130:146–163
Tucker ME (1927) Morphology of the glochidium and juvenile of the mussel Anodonta imbecillis. Trans Am Microsc Soc 46:286–291
Tucker ME (1928) Studies on the life cycles of two species of fresh-water mussels belonging to the genus Anodonta. Biol Bull 54:117–127
van der Schalie H (1970a) Hermaphroditism among North American freshwater mussels. Malacologia 10:93–112
van der Schalie H (1970b) Mussels in the Huron River above Ann Arbor in 1969. Sterkiana 39:17–22
von Ihering H (1891) Anodonta und Glabaris. Zool Anz 14:474–484
Wächtler K (1986) Zur Biologie der Flußperlmuschel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.). Naturwissenschaften 73:225–233
Watters GT (1994) An annotated bibliography of the reproduction and propagation of the Unionidea (primarily of North America). Ohio Biol Surv Mise Contrib 1:158
Watters GT (1997a) A synthesis and review of the expanding range of the Asian freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia:Unionidae). Veliger 40(2):152–156
Watters GT (1997b) Glochidial metamorphosis of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Bivalvia:Unionidae) on larval tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum ssp. (Amphibia: Ambystomidae). Can J Zool 75(3):505–508
Watters GT (1998) Why are freshwater mussels so big? Size, function, and phylogeny. In: Bieler R,Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998, p 351
Watters GT, O’Dee SH (1996) Shedding of untransformed glochidia by fishes parasitzed by Lampsilis fasciola Rafinesque, 1820 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae): evidence of acquired immunity in the field? J Freshwater Ecol 11(4):383–389
Watters GT, O’Dee SH (1998) Metamorphosis of freshwater mussel glochidia (Bivalvia: Unionidae) on amphibians and exotic fishes. Am Midl Nat 139(1):49–57
Wilms U (1991) Die Kieme als Brutraum. Histologische und histochemische Untersuchungen an den Süßwassermuscheln Unio tumidus Philipson und Unio pictorum Linnaeus. Dipl Thesis, Universität Hannover
Wilson KA, Ronald K (1967) Parasite fauna of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus von Linné) in the Great Lakes region. Can J Zool 45:1083–1092
Wood EM (1974) Some mechanismus involved in host recognition and attachment of the glochidium larva of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia). J Zool Lond 173:15–30
Yeager BL, Neves RJ (1986a) Quadrula cylindrica. In: Hill DM (ed) Activity 3: Identification of fish hosts. Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberlandian Mollusk Conservation Program, Norris, Tennessee, pp 7–11, 21–35
Yeager BL, Neves RJ (1986b) Reproductive cycle and fish hosts of the rabbit’s foot mussel, Quadrula cylindrica strigillata (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the upper Tennessee River drainage. Am Midl Nat 116:329–340
Yeager BL, Saylor CF (1995) Fish hosts for four species of freshwater mussels (Pelecypoda: Unionidae) in the upper Tennessee River drainage. Am Midl Nat 133(1):1–6
Yeager MM, Cherry DS, Neves RJ (1993) Interstitial feeding behavior of juvenile unionid mussels. Assoc Southeast Biol Bull 40:113 (Abstr)
Yeager MM, Cherry DS, Neves RJ (1994) Feeding and burrowing behaviors of juvenile rainbow mussels, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae). J N Am Benthol Soc 13(2):217–222
Yokley P (1972) Life history of Pleurobema cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820) (Bivalvia: Unioniacea). Malacologia 11:351–364
Young MR, Williams J (1983a) Redistribution and local recolonization by the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.). J Conchol 31:225–234
Young MR, Williams J (1983b) The status and conservation of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera Linn, in Great Britain. Biol Conserv 25:35–52
Zale AV, Neves RJ (1982a) Reproductive biology of four freshwater mussel species (Mollusca: Unionidae) in Virginia. Freshwater Invertebr Biol 1:17–28
Zale AV, Neves RJ (1982b) Identification of a host fish for Alasmidonta minor (Mollusca: Unionidae). Am Midl Nat 107:386–388
Zale AV, Neves RJ (1982c) Fish hosts of four species of lampsiline mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) in Big Moccasin Creek, Virginia. Can J Zool 60:2535–2542
Zettler M (1996) The aquatic malacofauna (Gastropoda et Bivalvia) in the catchment area of a North German Lowland River, the Warnow. Limnologica 26(3):327–337
Ziuganov VV, Kaliuzhin SM, Popkovitch EG, Neves RJ (1998a) Can pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) relocate to avoid inhospitable conditions? In: Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998
Ziuganov VV, Beletsky VV, Neves RJ, Salan ESM, Lopez JCF, Portabales MAL, Gonzales RA (1998b) Extremes in longevity of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera): a model system for long life. In: Bieler R, Mikkelsen PM (eds) World congress of malacology, Washington DC (Abstr) Unitas Malacologica 1998
Zotin AA, Ziuganov VV (1994) Immune basis of host-parasitic relationships between freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritiferidae) and salmonid fish. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol Moscow 0(4):701–708
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to the memory of Dr. W. D. Bischoff (1918-1999) general practitioner and naturalist who, over many years, drew our attention to the biology and cultural history of Margaritifera margaritifera in northern Germany.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wächtler, K., Dreher-Mansur, M.C., Richter, T. (2001). Larval Types and Early Postlarval Biology in Naiads (Unionoida). In: Bauer, G., Wächtler, K. (eds) Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unionoida. Ecological Studies, vol 145. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56869-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56869-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63140-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56869-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive