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Diversity and Ecology of Endophytic and Epiphytic Fungi of Tree Leaves in Japan: A Review

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Abstract

The phyllosphere is the living leaf as a whole and is colonized by endophytic and epiphytic fungi in the interior and on the surface of leaves, respectively. In this chapter, I summarize studies on the diversity and ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi on live leaves of trees in Japan. Studies to date have detected endophytes and epiphytes on leaves of at least 255 coniferous and broad-leaved tree species in 69 plant families, according to 45 papers published since 1990. These studies have recorded 24 endophytic and 22 epiphytic genera of fungi. Major trees used in the ecological studies of phyllosphere fungi include pines (Pinus), beech (Fagus), and dogwood (Swida). Focal topics include (1) the infection and colonization of leaves; (2) seasonal and leaf age-dependent patterns of temporal changes; (3) spatial distribution at various scales, from within-leaf, to within-canopy, to altitudinal and geographic distributions; (4) direct and indirect roles in decomposition of dead leaves; and (5) interaction with pathogens and herbivores and effects of simulated acid rain. Future research directions in Japan are suggested and discussed with reference to international literature on the ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Aoki et al. (1990), Asai et al. (1998), Hashizume et al. (2008, 2010), Hata and Futai (1993, 1995, 1996), Hata and Sone (2008), Hata et al. (1998, 2002), Ikebe et al. (2004), Ito et al. (2007), Kaneko and Kakishima (2001), Kaneko and Kaneko (2004), Kaneko et al. (2003), Koide et al. (2005a), Makisaka et al. (2005), Naito et al. (2002), Nakagiri et al. (1997), Nomura et al. (2003), Okane (2003), Okane et al. (1996, 1997, 1998, 2001a, b, 2003), Osono (2002, 2003, 2006a, b, 2008, 2012), Osono and Masuya (2012), Osono and Mori (2004, 2005), Osono et al. (2004a, 2008, 2013), Sahashi et al. (1999, 2000), Shirouzu et al. (2008), Suzuki et al. (2003), Tomita (2003), and Yoshihashi et al. (2000, 2001).

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Acknowledgments

I thank Dr. Elizabeth Nakajima for her critical reading of the manuscript. This work has received partial financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (No. 23770083), the global COE program A06 to Kyoto University, and Grants for Excellent Graduate Schools, MEXT, Japan.

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  1. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan

    Takashi Osono

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    Vijay C. Verma

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Alan C. Gange

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Osono, T. (2014). Diversity and Ecology of Endophytic and Epiphytic Fungi of Tree Leaves in Japan: A Review. In: Verma, V., Gange, A. (eds) Advances in Endophytic Research. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1575-2_1

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