Skip to main content

Towards an Understanding of Social Justice in Our Schools: Globalization, Inclusive Leadership and the Transformation of Schooling

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Social (In)Justice

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE,volume 29))

Abstract

As a result of educational policies emanating from issues relating to increasingly globalized societies, schooling is becoming increasingly standardized, not only in terms of assessment and evaluation but also in terms of processes, policies, and procedures. At issue is the question of where should social justice fit within competing notions of greater order and control over the process of schooling. This chapter advocates the deinstitutionalizing of such “educational factories” in order to gain greater clarity about what some of the advantages are for creating more socially just schools. The focus is on the perspective of the school leader as the individual who is in a key position to support inclusive leadership strategies. Two issues, “zero tolerance” and traditionally understood “inclusive education” policies are discussed as representative of well-intended but exclusionary policies that do little to advance true inclusionary practices within schools. Truly inclusive educational practices represent a form of social justice that is much needed within the school edifice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ableser, J. (2002). Equal educational opportunity, zero tolerance and IDEA 97 and Equal Educational Opportunity. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ainscow, M., & Sandill, A. (2010). Developing inclusive education systems: The role of organisational cultures and leadership. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(1), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelides, P., Antoniou, E., & Charalambous, C. (2010). Making sense of inclusion for leadership and schooling: A case study from Cyprus. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 13(3), 319–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M. W., & Christian-Smith, L. K. (1991). The politics of the textbook. In M. W. Apple & L. K. Christian-Smith (Eds.), The politics of the textbook (pp. 1–21). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, M., & Robertson, H.-J. (1994). Class warfare. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrell, B. (1997). An electronic stew: Impact and change in Atlantic Canada’s high school English language arts curriculum. In M. Moll (Ed.), Tech high: Globalization and the future of Canadian education (pp. 117–137). Halifax, Canada: Fernwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, R. (2001). Can we manage global education? Paper presented to the annual conference of the Canadian Society for the Study of Educational Administration, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada, May 23–6, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (2002). Society under Siege. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, K., Foster, W., & Jubala, K. (1993). The social construction of disability in education: Organizational considerations. In C. Capper (Ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 173–2020). New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1979). The inheritors: French students and their relation to culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyles, D. (1998). American education and corporations: The free market goes to school. New York: Garland Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capper, C. (1993). Educational administration in a pluralistic society: A multiparadigm approach. In C. Capper (Ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 7–35). New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, K., & White, R. (2004). Burning issues: Foundations of education. Baltimore: Scarecrow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corson, D. (1995). Discursive power in educational organizations: An introduction. In D. Corson (Ed.), Discourse and power in educational organizations (pp. 3–15). Toronto, Canada: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corson, D. (1998). Changing education for diversity. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (1995). Discursive power in educational policy and practice for culturally diverse students. In D. Corson (Ed.), Discourse and power in educational organizations (pp. 191–209). Toronto, Canada: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curwin, R., & Mendler, A. N. (1999). Zero tolerance for zero tolerance. The Phi Delta Kappan, 81(1), 119–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, Y., & Bondy, K. (2008). Safe schools and zero tolerance: Policy, program and practice in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 70, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devine, J. (1996). The culture of violence in inner-city schools. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, C., Jr., & Villarruel, F. A. (2002). Urban school leaders and the implementation of zero tolerance policy: An examination of its implications. Peabody Journal of Education, 77, 82–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, C., Jr., & Villarruel, F. A. (2004). What a difference a community makes: Urban and rural school leaders and the implementation of zero tolerance. Equity and Excellence, 37, 351–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmunds, A., Macmillan, R., Specht, J., Nowicki, E., & Edmunds, G. (2009). Principals and inclusive schools: Insight into practice. Journal of Educational Administration and Foundations, 20(1), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Balboa, J. (1993). Critical pedagogy: Making critical thinking really critical. Analytic Teaching, 13(2), 61–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, W. (1986). Paradigms and promises: New approaches to educational administration. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M. (2001). The new meaning of educational change (3rd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner, B. A. (2004). Black’s law dictionary (8th ed.). New York: Thomson West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. A. (1983). Theory and resistance in education. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, W. (1993). Articulating values and ethics in administrator preparation. In C. Capper (Ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 267–287). New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henault, C. (2001). Zero tolerance and schools. Journal of Law and Education, 30, 547–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jull, S. (2000). Youth violence, schools, and the management question: A discussion of zero tolerance and equity in public schooling. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 17, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kose, B. (2007). One principal’s influence on sustained, systemic, and differentiated professional development for social justice. Middle School Journal, 39(1), 34–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuehn, L. (1997). Globalization, trade agreements and education. In M. Moll (Ed.), Tech high: Globalization and the future of Canadian education (pp. 65–75). Halifax, Canada: Fernwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, D. W. (1999). The education-jobs gap: Underemployment or economic democracy. Toronto, Canada: Garamond Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacEwan, G. (2007). The selected Gwendolyn MacEwan. Holstein, ON: Exile Editions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxcy, S. (1998). Preparing school principals for ethno-democratic leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1(3), 217–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayrowetz, D., & Weinstein, C. S. (1999). Sources of leadership for inclusive education: Creating schools for all children. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(3), 423–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNeal, L., & Dunbar, C. (2010). In the eyes of the beholder: Urban student perceptions of zero tolerance policy. Urban Education, 45(3), 293–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrow, J. (2004, January/February). School safety has new twist after Sept.11. Indiana Alumni Magazine, 19–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oluwole, J. O. (2009). A principal’s dilemma: Full inclusion or student’s best interests? Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 12(1), 12–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffo, C., & Gunter, H. (2008). Leading schools to promote social inclusion: Developing a conceptual framework for analyzing research, policy and practice. Journal of Education Policy, 23(4), 397–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes, F., Velez, W., & Pena, R. (1993). School reform: Introducing race, culture, and ethnicity into the discourse. In C. Capper (Ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 66–85). New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, N. (2006). Opportunities lost, possibilities found: Shared leadership and inclusion in an urban high school. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 17(2), 88–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riehl, C. J. (2000). The principal’s role in creating inclusive schools for diverse students: A review of normative, empirical literature on the practice of educational administration. Review of Educational Research, 70(1), 55–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J. (1998). Critical leadership for education in a postmodern world: Emancipation, resistance and communal action. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1(3), 257–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury, C. L. (2006). Principals’ perspectives on inclusive elementary schools. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 31(1), 70–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, R., & Rieser, L. (2001). Zero tolerance as mandatory sentencing. In W. Ayers, B. Dohrn, & R. Ayers (Eds.), Zero tolerance: Resisting the drive for punishment in our schools (pp. 126–135). New York: New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, J. T. (1993). Responding to the sexual diversity of faculty and students: Sexual praxis and the critically reflective administrator. In C. Capper (Ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 110–172). New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skiba, R. J. (2000). Zero tolerance, zero evidence: An analysis of school disciplinary practice. The Indiana Education Policy Center. Retrieved January 15, 2010, from http://www.indiana.edu/~safeschl/ztze.pdf

  • Skiba, R., & Leone, P. (2001). Zero tolerance and school security measures: A failed experiment. In T. Johnson, J. E. Boyden, & W. Pittz (Eds.), Racial profiling and punishment in U.S. schools (pp. 34–38). Oakland, CA: Applied Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Specht, J. A., & Young, G. D. (2010). How administrators build schools as inclusive communities. In A. L. Edmunds & R. B. Macmillan (Eds.), Leadership for inclusion: A practical guide (pp. 65–72). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sughrue, J. A. (2003). Zero tolerance for children: Two wrongs do not make a right. Education Administration Quarterly, 39(2), 238–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theoharis, G. (2010). Disrupting injustice: Principals narrate the strategies they use to improve their schools and advance social justice. Teachers College Record, 112(1), 331–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theoharis, G., & Causton-Theoharis, J. N. (2008). Oppressors or emancipators: Critical dispositions for preparing inclusive school leaders. Equity and Excellence in Education, 41(2), 230–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villarruel, F. A., & Dunbar, C. (2006). Culture, race and zero tolerance policy: The implications. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 6(2), 53–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winner, L. (1997). The handwriting on the wall: Resisting technoglobalism’s assault on education. In M. Moll (Ed.), Tech high: Globalization and the future of Canadian education (pp. 167–188). Halifax, Canada: Fernwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wortham, S. E. F. (1995). Experience-near classroom examples as commodities. In D. Corson (Ed.), Discourse and power in educational organizations (pp. 283–300). Toronto, Canada: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. (1995). Dancing, seducing, or loving. In D. Corson (Ed.), Discourse and power in educational organizations (pp. 273–282). Toronto, Canada: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert E. White .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

White, R.E., Cooper, K. (2014). Towards an Understanding of Social Justice in Our Schools: Globalization, Inclusive Leadership and the Transformation of Schooling. In: Bogotch, I., Shields, C. (eds) International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Social (In)Justice. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 29. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6555-9_53

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics