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Success in Biological Control of Terrestrial Weeds by Arthropods

  • Chapter
Biological Control: Measures of Success

Abstract

Biological control of terrestrial weeds using insect herbivores has been practised in many countries throughout the world for nearly one and a half centuries. The first documented case was in the 1860s, when the cochineal insect Dactylopius ceylonicus (Green) was introduced from India into Sri Lanka, where it successfully controlled prickly pear cactus, Opuntia vulgaris Miller (Rao et al., 1971). The next programme, which began in 1902 with the release of 14 control agents for Lantana camara L., has continued intermittently from then until the present day, but has been nowhere near as successful as the Opuntia programme (Julien and Griffiths, 1998). Up until the end of 1996 there had been at least 1150 deliberate releases (including aquatic weeds) of 365 species of invertebrates and fungi onto 133 weed species in 75 countries (Julien and Griffiths, 1998). However, only 25 per cent of all releases made before 1985 contributed to control (Julien, 1989). Crawley (1989a) was not much more encouraging when he commented that’ the history of biological weed control is marked by a small number of spectacular successes and a large number of disappointments.’

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand

    P. Syrett

  2. CSIRO Entomology/CRC for Weed Management Systems, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia

    D. T. Briese

  3. Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa

    J. H. Hoffmann

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  1. P. Syrett
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  2. D. T. Briese
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  3. J. H. Hoffmann
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sydney, Australia

    Geoff Gurr

  2. Lincoln University, New Zealand

    Steve Wratten

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Syrett, P., Briese, D.T., Hoffmann, J.H. (2000). Success in Biological Control of Terrestrial Weeds by Arthropods. In: Gurr, G., Wratten, S. (eds) Biological Control: Measures of Success. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4014-0_7

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