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Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures VI pp 35–127Cite as

Stochastic Effects in Physical Systems

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Part of the book series: Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems ((NOPH,volume 5))

Abstract

The study of the effects of noise and fluctuations is a well established subject in several different disciplines ranging from pure mathematics (stochastic processes) to physics (fluctuations) and electrical engineering (noise and radiophysics). In traditional statistical physics, fluctuations are of thermal origin giving rise to small departures from a mean value. They tend to zero as one approaches the thermodynamic limit in which different statistical descriptions (different ensembles) become equivalent. Likewise, in more applied contexts fluctuations or noise are usually regarded as small corrections to a deterministic (noise free) behavior that degrades a signal-to-noise ratio or can cause transmission errors. In such framework fluctuations are a correction that can be usually dealt with through some sort of linearization of dynamics around a mean or noise free dynamics. A different point of view about fluctuations emerges, for example, in the study of critical phenomena in the 1970’s. The statistical physics description of these phenomena requires a formulation appropriate for a system dominated by fluctuations and nonlinear it ies. A linear theory only identifies the existence of a critical point by a divergence of fluctuations.

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  1. Departamento de Física Interdisciplinar Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Maxi San Miguel & Raúl Toral

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  1. Maxi San Miguel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Enrique Tirapegui

  2. Instituto de Física, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Javier Martínez

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile

    Rolando Tiemann

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San Miguel, M., Toral, R. (2000). Stochastic Effects in Physical Systems. In: Tirapegui, E., Martínez, J., Tiemann, R. (eds) Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures VI. Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4247-2_2

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