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Abstract
Although there was a demand for environmental health data on chemicals, there was no global scientific organization able to talk about the science behind the regulations being developed. The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) was founded in 1979. SETAC has three strengths: its global scale, its tripartite membership and governance, and its scientific base. Because SETAC was developed on an international scale, it has been able to address global environmental issues.
The SETAC North American LCA Advisory Group is a formally recognized group within SETAC that has been in existence since June 1991. Similarly, SETAC Europe established an LCA Steering Committee. Both the LCA Advisory and Steering Committee are referred to as the SETAC LCA Groups.
The LCA Groups report to the Board of Directors of both SETAC and SETAC Europe. Specific activities such as workshops, conferences, or educational material development, including ‘position papers’, are approved by the Board of Directors. During the 1990s these SETAC LCA Groups were instrumental in driving the scientific progress to codify the professional practice of LCA. During this time period, several major workshops were successfully organized and over a dozen key publications produced. The SETAC LCA Groups also broadly supported the initial preparation of the ISO 14040 series of voluntary international standards as well as their subsequent revisions.
The general mission of the SETAC LCA Groups is to proactively advance the science and application of LCAs to reduce the resource consumption and environmental burdens associated with products, packaging, processes or activities.
Although life cycle assessment promised to be a valuable tool in evaluating the environmental consequences of a product, process, or activity, the concept was relatively new and required a framework for further development.
The workshop, ‘A Technical Framework for Life Cycle Assessments’, held August 18–23, 1990, at Smugglers Notch, Vermont, was organized by SETAC to develop a framework and consensus on the current state of LCA and research needs for conducting life cycle assessments. Although life cycle assessments have been used, in one form or another, before the name was coined, this workshop report is the first document which presented the name of the method.
The four SETAC LCA workshops in Smugglers Notch (1990), Leiden (1991), Sandestin (1992) and Wintergreen (1992) formed a tiered process to culminate in the Code of Practice workshop of Sesimbra, Portugal, March 31–April 3, 1993.
Developing international consensus on harmonized methods has been a goal of the SETAC LCA workshops. The ‘Code of Practice’ completed the harmonization process. Shortly after the workshop, during the autumn of 1993, the ISO standardization process was initiated.
In 1994, as a result of the SETAC LCA workshops, the LCA Advisory Group of SETAC and the LCA Steering Committee of SETAC Europe established individual work groups to address specific LCA issues.
SETAC’s working groups and workshops have advanced both the application and reputation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) by authoring LCA publications, supporting the development of LCA standardization, partnering with United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), and advancing the use of LCA in various sectors. As SETAC grows and expands on its own and with its supporters and partners, it will continue to advance the understanding and use of LCA while ensuring that science is kept at the forefront of LCA development.
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These were presented in Fava (2012) Life cycle knowledge informs greener products, Chap. 25, in: Curran MA (ed) LCA Handbook—a guide for environmentally sustainable products.
Carson (2002) [1st Pub. Houghton Mifflin 1962]. Silent Spring. Mariner Books.ISBN 0-618-24906-0. Silent Spring initially appeared serialized in three parts in the June 16, June 23, and June 30, 1962 issues of The New Yorker magazine.
The following recommendations are possible: Recommend SETAC sponsorship as a Pellston Workshop and submission to the SWC Technical Committee for consideration; Recommend SETAC sponsorship as a Technical Workshop at a national level; Recommend SETAC sponsorship as a Small Meeting at national level; Recommend SETAC sponsorship contingent upon securing funding; Recommend SETAC sponsorship contingent upon incorporation of mandatory changes; Recommend SETAC sponsorship with minor changes suggested; or, Recommend against SETAC sponsorship.
The SWC facilitates worldwide outreach to environmental scientists, engineers, and managers and encourages development of additional SETAC member groups.
Although the specific details between the two SETAC LCA groups may be slightly different, the intent of this section is to describe the role and value of the SETAC LCA groups in advancing LCA within SETAC generally.
Recent topics of interest that are being considered for the Advisory Group, include: US Green Building Council’s LEED program to identify sustainable buildings; US Database project to make inventory data publicly available; Creation of LCA sessions at the annual SETAC meeting; Liaison with the various task forces within the Life Cycle Initiative; Development of an awards program to recognize exemplary contributions in the field; and, to Identify opportunities for capacity building in developing countries.
The six work groups were human health, ecological (chemical) stressor, ecological (nonchemical) stressor, resource depletion, valuation, and integration.
The six workgroups were data quality framework, materials, energy, environmental emissions, ecological health and exposure, and human health and exposure.
The Advisory Committee for the Forum: Jim Fava, Chair, Managing Director of Five Winds International, and Vice-chair for the UNEP/SETAC International Life Cycle Panel; Deborah Dunning, President, International Design Center for the Environment; Pamela Horner, Sylvania and IESNA; Gregory A. Norris, Sylvatica, and Programme Manager for the UNEP/SETAC Life-Cycle Initiative program; Bob Peoples, Carpet & Rug Institute and CARE; Guido Sonnemann, UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative Secretariat; and, Wayne Trusty, President, Athena Sustainable Materials Institute.