nach oben

Erschienen in:

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

25. Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Water Management: Flood Management in the Rotterdam–Rijnmond Area

verfasst von : M. van Vliet, J. C. J. H. Aerts

Erschienen in: Understanding and Managing Urban Water in Transition

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Many large coastal cities are located in deltas, which makes them vulnerable to floods. In many cities flood damage has increased due to increases in population and assets, and this process is expected to continue. At the same time, climate change will cause floods to occur more often in many rivers and deltas due to higher discharges and sea level rise. These trends call for the development and implementation of new technologies and strategies in flood risk management. This call is also acknowledged in the Netherlands, a country that has a strong history of relying on structural measures. The city of Rotterdam includes many unembanked areas, large parts of which will be redeveloped in the near future. Current practice is to elevate all unembanked areas to a 1 in 4,000 years flood level. This is not only very costly, but also causes problems when an area is redeveloped in phases, or when existing buildings will remain as both cause unwanted elevation differences and differences in flood protection. Rotterdam is therefore looking for adaptive (non-structural) measures to decrease flood damage in these areas. Such measures are presently little used in the Netherlands. One key question is how these new measures fit in within current policies, laws, and regulations in Rotterdam. This chapter describes measures studied for a case study area in Rotterdam, gives an analysis of the policies, laws, and regulations relating to these measures, and examines the implications for urban flood management. Our research shows that, in principle, the rules do allow for implementation of adaptive measures. It is, however, problematic how these measures can be enforced, and this weakness can cause problems, e.g. when not all waterfront buildings are dry-proofed. Better communication of flood risks is recommended, as this will increase awareness and preparedness, which in turn might lead to a higher implementation rate of adaptive measures.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel The “Renaturation” of Urban Rivers: The Case of the St Charles River in Quebec

Nächstes Kapitel Transboundary Urban Water: The Case of Singapore and Malaysia

Dry-proofing: preventing flood water from entering a building by reinforcing walls, windows, and doors and making them impermeable.

Wet-proofing: flood water is allowed to flow into the building, but the building is built of materials that are not damaged by flood water and are easy to clean.

Flood probability only looks at the chance of water levels becoming higher than the embankments, thus causing a flood. Flood risk also takes the consequences of a flood into account (that is, flood risk = probability × consequences).

Aerts, J. C. J. H., & Botzen, W. J. W. (2011). Flood-resilient waterfront development in New York city: Bridging flood insurance, building codes, and flood zoning. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1227(1), 1–82.CrossRef

Aerts, J. C. J. H., Botzen, W., van der Veen, A., Krywkow, J., & Werners, S. (2008). Dealing with uncertainty in flood management through diversification. Ecology and Society, 13(1), 41.

Begum, S., Stive, M. J. F., & Hall, J. W. (2007). Flood risk management in Europe: Innovation in policy and practice. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef

Botzen, W. J. W., & Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2008). Insurance against climate change and flooding in the Netherlands: Present, future, and comparison with other countries. Risk Analysis, 28, 413–426.CrossRef

Botzen, W. J. W., Aerts, J. C. J. H., & van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2009). Willingness of homeowners to mitigate climate risk through insurance. Ecological Economics, 68(8–9), 2265–2277.CrossRef

Botzen, W. J. W., Aerts, J. C. J. H., & van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2013). Individual preferences for reducing flood risk to near zero through elevation. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Environmental Change, 18(2), 229–244. doi:10.1007/s11027-012-9359-5.CrossRef

Bouwer, L. M., Huitema, D., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2007). Adaptive flood management: The role of insurance and compensation in Europe. Amsterdam: Institute for Environmental Studies.

Bubeck, P., Botzen, W. J. W., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2012a). A review of risk perceptions and other factors that influence flood mitigation behavior. Risk Analysis, 32(9), 1481–1495. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01783.x.CrossRef

Bubeck, P., Botzen, W. J. W., Kreibich, H., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2012b). Long-term development and effectiveness of private flood mitigation measures: An analysis for the German part of the river Rhine. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12(11), 3507–3518. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3507-2012.CrossRef

Dawson, R. J., Ball, T., Werritty, J., Werritty, A., Hall, J. W., & Roche, N. (2011). Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmental change. Global Environmental Change –Human and Policy Dimensions, 21(2), 628–646. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.013.CrossRef

de Boer, J., Botzen, W., & Terpstra, T. (2012). Percepties van burgers over binnen – en buitendijks wonen. Rotterdam: Gemeente Rotterdam (Rotterdam Climate Initiative).

de Moel, H., van Alphen, J., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2009). Flood maps in Europe: Methods, availability and use. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(2), 289–301.CrossRef

de Moel, H., Aerts, J. C. J. H., & Koomen, E. (2011). Development of flood exposure in the Netherlands during the 20th and 21st century. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 620–627.CrossRef

de Moel, H., Van Vliet, M., & Aerts J. C. J. H. (2013). Evaluating the effect of flood damage-reducing measures: A case study of the unembanked area of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Regional Environmental Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0420-z.

Evans, E., Ashley, R., Hall, J., Penning-Rowsell, E., Sayers, P., Thorne, C., & Watkinson, A. (2004). Foresight: Future flooding. Scientific summary (Managing future risks, Vol. 2). London: Office of Science and Technology.

Flood Directive. (2011). A new EU floods directive. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/flood_risk/index.htm. Accessed 20 Oct 2011.

Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P., & Norberg, J. (2005). Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30(1), 441–473. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511.CrossRef

Gemeente Rotterdam. (2007). Stadsvisie Rotterdam, ruimtelijke ontwikkelingsstrategie 2030.

Gemeente Rotterdam, Waterschap Hollandse Delta, Hoogheemraadschap Delfland, & Hoogheemraadschap Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard. (2007). Waterplan 2, werken aan water voor een aantrekkelijke stad.

Healy, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Houndsmill/London: MacMillan.

Hooijer, A., Klijn, F., Bas, G., Pedroli, M., Os, V., & Ad, G. (2004). Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse river basins: Synopsis of the findings of IRMA-SPONGE. River Research and Applications, 20(3), 343–357.CrossRef

Huizinga, J. (2010). Flood risk in unembanked areas. Part A flooding characteristics: Flood depth and extent. Report number KfC 022A/2010, ISBN 978-94-90070-22-9.

Huizinga, J., Nederpel, A., de Groot, K., & Batterink, M. (2011). Risicomethode buitendijks: Methodiek ter bepaling van risico’s als gevolg van hoogwater: provincie Zuid-Holland.

IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kok, K., & van Vliet, M. (2011). Using a participatory scenario development toolbox: Added values and impact on quality of scenarios. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 2(2–3), 87–105. doi:10.2166/Wcc.2011.032.CrossRef

Kreibich, H., Christenberger, S., & Schwarze, R. (2011). Economic motivation of households to undertake private precautionary measures against floods. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(2), 309–321. doi:10.5194/nhess-11-309-2011.CrossRef

Kundzewicz, Z. W. (2002). Non-structural flood protection and sustainability. Water International, 27(1), 3–13.CrossRef

Luttik, J. (2000). The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in the Netherlands. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(3–4), 161–167.CrossRef

Maaskant, B., Jonkman, S. N., & Bouwer, L. M. (2009). Future risk of flooding: An analysis of changes in potential loss of life in South Holland (The Netherlands). Environmental Science & Policy, 12(2), 157–169. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2008.11.004.CrossRef

Mannigel, E. (2008). Integrating parks and people: How does participation work in protected area management? Society & Natural Resources, 21(6), 498–511.CrossRef

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. (2006). Spatial planning key decision: Room for the river. Explanatory memorandum.

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. (2008). Spatial Planning Act. In Stb. 2008-159.

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. (2011). Besluit algemene regels ruimtelijke ordening.

Ministry of Internal Affairs. (2011). Bouwbesluit 2012. In Stb. 2011, 416.

Ministry of Transport Public Works and Water Management. (2006). Beleidslijn grote rivieren (Policy guideline on Major Rivers).

Ministry of Transport Public Works and Water Management. (2009). Waterwet. In Stb. 2009, 107.

Morreau, I. (2009). Beleidsnota waterkeringen: Beleidsregels inzake de vergunningverlening op grond van de Keur voor waterschap Hollandse Delta, ed. waterschap Hollandse Delta.

Mouratiadou, I., & Moran, D. (2007). Mapping public participation in the Water Framework Directive: A case study of the Pinios River Basin, Greece. Ecological Economics, 62(1), 66–76.CrossRef

Neuvel, J. M. M., Boxman, A. M. C., & Stoffer, H. J. (2011). Handreiking overstromingsrisicoparagraaf: Een handreiking bij het verantwoorden en meenemen van overstromingsrisico’s in de ruimtelijke planvorming: provincie Overijssel.

Nicholls, R. J., Hanson, S., Herweijer, C., Patmore, N., Hallegatte, S., Corfee-Morlot, J., Chateau, J., & Muir Wood, R. (2008). Ranking port cities with high exposure and vulnerability to climate extremes: Exposure estimates. OECD environment working papers, no. 1. OECD Publishing.

Pahl-Wostl, C. (2007). Transitions towards adaptive management of water facing climate and global change. Water Resources Management, 21(1), 49–62.CrossRef

Pahl-Wostl, C., Sendzimir, J., Jeffrey, P., Aerts, J., Berkamp, G., & Cross, K. (2007). Managing change toward adaptive water management through social learning. Ecology and Society, 12(2), 30.

Provincie Zuid-Holland. (2011). Verordening Ruimte. Available at http://decentrale.regelgeving.overheid.nl/cvdr/XHTMLoutput/Actueel/Zuid-Holland/72386.html

Raadgever, G. T., & Mostert, E. (2005). Public participation in information management: Overview of participatory tools and their contribution to adaptive river basin management. In Deliverable 1.2.2 of the NeWater project. Delft: RBA Centre, TU Delft.

Runhaar, H., Mees, H., Wardekker, A., van der Sluijs, J., & Driessen, P. P. J. (2012). Adaptation to climate change-related risks in Dutch urban areas: Stimuli and barriers. Regional Environmental Change, 12(4), 777–790. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0292-7.CrossRef

Schelfaut, K., Pannemans, B., van der Craats, I., Krywkow, J., Mysiak, J., & Cools, J. (2011). Bringing flood resilience into practice: The FREEMAN project. Environmental Science & Policy, 14(7), 825–833.CrossRef

Slootjes, N., Botterhuis, T., Jeuken, A., & Gao, Q. (2011). Resultaten MHW berekeningen t.b.v.probleemanalyse en verkenning hoekpunten. Voor het Deltaprogramma Rijnmond-Drechtsteden. Delft: HKV/Deltares.

Stephenson, D. (2002). Integrated flood plain management strategy for the Vaal. Urban Water, 4(4), 423–428.CrossRef

Te Linde, A. H., Aerts, J. C. J. H., Bakker, A. M., R. & Kwadijk, J. C. J. (2010). Simulating low-probability peak discharges for the Rhine basin using resampled climate modeling data. Water Resources Research, 46(3). doi:10.1029/2009WR007707.

UN-Habitat. (2008). State of the world’s cities 2008/2009. Harmonious cities. Technical report. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.

Van Assche, K., Verschraegen, G., & Salukvadze, J. (2010). Changing frames: Citizen and expert participation in Georgian planning. Planning Practice and Research, 25(3), 377–395.CrossRef

van Herk, S., Zevenbergen, C., Ashley, R., & Rijke, J. (2011). Learning and action alliances for the integration of flood risk management into urban planning: A new framework from empirical evidence from The Netherlands. Environmental Science & Policy, 14(5), 543–554.CrossRef

van Veelen, P. (2012). Adaptieve ontwikkelingsstrategieën in buitendijks gebied in de Regio Rotterdam. Report WP2, HSRR3.1.

Veerbeek, W., Zevenbergen, C., & Gersonius, B. (2010). Vulnerability assessment based on direct flood damages. Delft: UNESCO-IHE.

Vervoort, J., Kok, K., van Lammeren, R., & Veldkamp, T. (2010). Stepping into futures: Exploring the potential of interactive media for participatory scenarios on social-ecological systems. Futures, 42(6), 604–616. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2010.04.031.CrossRef

Wardekker, J. A., de Jong, A., Knoop, J. M., & van der Sluijs, J. P. (2010). Operationalising a resilience approach to adapting an urban delta to uncertain climate changes. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(6), 987–998.CrossRef

Wheater, H., & Evans, E. (2009). Land use, water management and future flood risk. Land Use Policy, 26(Suppl. 1), S251–S264.CrossRef

Zevenbergen, C., Veerbeek, W., Gersonius, B., & van Herk, S. (2008). Challenges in urban flood management: Travelling across spatial and temporal scales. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 1(2), 81–88.CrossRef

Titel: Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Water Management: Flood Management in the Rotterdam–Rijnmond Area
verfasst von: M. van Vliet
J. C. J. H. Aerts
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Buch: Understanding and Managing Urban Water in Transition
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9800-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-017-9801-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9801-3_25

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"