A Review on VANET Routing Protocols and Wireless Standards

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an ad hoc network system based on the concept of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which nodes (vehicle) that are being connected with each other by wireless technologies. But due to the non deterministic mobility behavior and high velocity of automobiles, the topology is unpredictable. Such types of system can work independently and can also be interconnected through internet with in its infrastructure. The system characteristics such as multi-hop paths, node mobility, huge network, device heterogeneity, congestion and bandwidth are the constraints in designing the routing protocols for VANET. The present routing protocols that have been deployed for MANET are used to test the VANET accuracy and performance. Present research efforts are strongly emphasized on designing a novel routing algorithm and its implementations. Recent VANET research are majorly focused on predefined areas such as broadcasting and routing, security, quality of service (QoS) and infotainment with information dissemination during emergencies. In this paper authors present a detailed review of wireless standards used in VANET with a number of trials in VANET and its deployment in many of the developed countries. As a conclusion we conceptualized some of the issues and research challenges in VANET that had not yet addressed so that industry can opt for widespread adoption of scalable, reliable, secure and robust VANET protocols, architectures services and technologies and enable the ubiquitous deployment of it.