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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Social Capital, Trust, and Guanxi (关系)

verfasst von : Zhen Meng

Erschienen in: Ownership of Trust Property in China

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This Chapter begins with a brief introduction of the social capital theory. The explanations of social capital by three seminal figures—Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman and Robert Putnam, who are considered to have contributed much to the conceptualization of social capital—are reviewed in the first section of this Chapter. At the same time, since Nan Lin has contributed to the theoretical development, devised measurements and conducted empirical research in the areas of social networks and social capital, this Chapter also reviews his point of view on the concept of social capital. Then, this Chapter moves on to another conceptual tool: social trust. It discusses the role of social trust in various terms, especially in economic growth. A pair of relevant concepts, namely “personal trust” and “institutionalized trust”, is explained in the second section. Further, this Chapter elaborates a distinctive notion of Guanxi in China, followed by the explanation on the impacts of Guanxi on the Chinese Business Culture. In light of these concepts, this Chapter proposes a hypothesis which can explain at least a part of the issue on ownership of trust property in China. In addition, a short section in this chapter explains the Social Network theory and the Social Network Analysis.

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Fußnoten
1
Adelman and Foste (1992).
 
2
See Ehrlich (1936).
 
3
Azami, The Sociological Approach to Law as Compared with the Traditional Conception of Law.http://​www.​agc.​gov.​my/​pdf/​publications/​sociological_​approach.​pdf. Accessed 18 January 2015.
 
4
Field (2009), p. 70.
 
5
See Fukuyama (1995).
 
6
Field (2009), p. 70.
 
7
Restatement of the Law Third, Trusts (US, 2003), Part 1 Chapter 1 IN NT.
 
8
Luhmann (1979).
 
9
Coleman (1994).
 
10
See e.g. Chen (2003), p. 49, Cheng (2012), p. 97, Ai (2006).
 
11
For an extensive literature review, see Nathan (1993).
 
12
Mankiw (2008), p. 406.
 
13
See Schultz (1961), Becker (1993).
 
14
Coleman (1994).
 
15
See Coleman (1988), Putnam (2000), Stiglitz (2000).
 
16
Field (2009), p. 15.
 
17
Foley and Edwards (1999).
 
18
See Hsung et al. (2009). See also Lin et al. (2014).
 
19
In Pierre Bourdieu’s work, social reproduction described the way in which French education can be a tool to recreate society as a means to secure power for only certain kinds of individuals. See Bourdieu and Passeron (1990).
 
20
Gauntlett (2011) Three Approaches to Social Capital. http://​www.​makingisconnecti​ng.​org/​gauntlett2011-extract-sc.​pdf. Accessed 18 January 2015.
 
21
See Bourdieu (1986).
 
22
Bourdieu (1986).
 
23
Bourdieu (1986).
 
24
Tzanakis (2013) Social capital in Bourdieu’s, Coleman’s and Putnam’s theory: empirical evidence and emergent measurement issues. http://​wh.​agh.​edu.​pl/​other/​materialy/​672_​2014_​04_​23_​13_​04_​24_​Spcial_​capital2.​pdf. Accesed 18 January 2015. See also Bourdieu (1989).
 
25
See Bourdieu (1989).
 
26
Bourdieu (1989), p. 229. Bourdieu defines “social space” as:
[A] (multi-dimensional) space constructed on the basis of principles of differentiation or distribution constituted by the set of properties active in the social universe under consideration, that is, able to confer force or power on their possessor in that universe.
 
27
Tzanakis (2013) Social capital in Bourdieu’s, Coleman’s and Putnam’s theory: empirical evidence and emergent measurement issues. http://​wh.​agh.​edu.​pl/​other/​materialy/​672_​2014_​04_​23_​13_​04_​24_​Spcial_​capital2.​pdf. Accesed 18 January 2015.
 
28
Bourdieu (1986), pp. 248–249.
 
29
Bourdieu and Wacquant (1992), p. 119.
 
30
Coleman (1994), p. 305.
 
31
Here, the wording “entity” does not refer to a legal entity such as a corporation, or partnership etc. Rather, it means social-structural resource.
 
32
Coleman (1994), p. 302.
 
33
Coleman (1994), p. 303.
 
34
Coleman (1988). See also Coleman (1994), pp. 306–313.
 
35
See Coleman (1994), p. 306.
 
36
Coleman (1994), p. 302.
 
37
Coleman (1994), p. 304.
 
38
Coleman (1994), p. 300.
 
39
Putnam (2000). See also Putnam (1993a, b, 1996a, b).
 
40
See Lin et al. (2014).
 
41
Lin (2001), See also Lin et al. (2001).
 
42
Lin (2001), p. 19.
 
43
Lin (2001), p. 20.
 
44
Erickson (2001).
 
45
Field (2009), pp. 15–16.
 
46
Easley and Kleinberg (2010), p. 62.
 
47
Castiglione et al. (2008), p. 659.
 
48
Castiglione et al. (2008), pp. 659–660. Political science places more stress on social capital as a collective concept, which influences outcomes such as democracy, institutional performance, and social cohesion.
 
49
Field (2009), pp. 558–560.
 
50
Adler and Kwon (2013), p. 49. For overviews, see Jackman and Miller (1998), and the World Bank’s “Let’s Talk Social Capital” internet discussion group and its social capital website at http://​www.​worldbank.​org/​poverty/​scapital/​index.​html. Accessed 18 May 2015.
 
51
Castiglione et al. (2008), p. 660.
 
52
Matsuda and Yamagishi (2001).
 
53
Uslaner (2002).
 
54
Uslaner (2002).
 
55
Matsuda and Yamagishi (2001).
 
56
Castiglione et al. (2008), p. 660.
 
57
Fukuyama (1995).
 
58
Knack and Keefer (1997).
 
59
Zak and Knack (2001).
 
60
Field (2009), p. 70.
 
61
See also Swedberg (1996).
 
62
Risto et al. (2007).
 
63
Lyon et al. (2006), p. 2.
 
64
Some of the most prominent inquiries of the function of trust were pursued by Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann became famous mainly because of his theory of social systems which aims to untangle the problem of “unmanageable complexity.” See two works of Niklas Luhmann: Luhmann (1979), Luhmann (2000), pp. 94–107.
 
65
Luhmann (2000), p. 98.
 
66
Luhmann (2000), p. 98.
 
67
Kramer and Tyler (1996), p. 178.
 
68
Kramer and Tyler (1996), p. 178.
 
69
Teramoto and Jurčys (2013).
 
70
Teramoto and Jurčys (2013).
 
71
Kramer and Tyler (1996), pp. 178–179. See also Luhmann (2000), pp. 97–98.
 
72
Luo and Yeh (2009), pp. 121–122.
 
73
Coleman (1984), p. 307.
 
74
Granovetter (1985).
 
75
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 120.
 
76
Fukuyama (1995), p. 27.
 
77
Fukuyama (1995), p. 27.
 
78
Coleman (1994), pp. 306–307.
 
79
Zucker defined three types of trust, process-based, characteristic-based, and institutional-based. See Zucker (1986). Shapiro, Sheppard, and Cheraskin proposed three categories of trust: deterrence-based, knowledge-based, and identification-based trust. See Shapiro et al. (1992).
 
80
Field (2009), p. 71.
 
81
Welter and Alex (2012), p. 51.
 
82
Williamson (1996).
 
83
Welter and Alex (2012), p. 51.
 
84
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 122.
 
85
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 122.
 
86
Luo and Yeh (2009), pp. 115–116.
 
87
Potter (2002), p. 182.
 
88
This opinion will be explained in detail in Chap. 7 of this book.
 
89
Cheng (2012), p. 97.
 
90
Ai (2006).
 
91
Chen (2003), p. 49.
 
92
Hwang (1987).
 
93
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 122.
 
94
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 123.
 
95
Cheng (2012), p. 87.
 
96
Cheng (2012), pp. 90–91.
 
97
Cheng (2012), p. 87.
 
98
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 131.
 
99
Luo and Yeh (2009), p. 134.
 
100
Cheng (2012), pp. 90–91.
 
101
Easley and Kleinberg (2010), p. 62.
 
102
Prell (2012), p. 62.
 
103
See Lin et al. (2001).
 
104
See Prell (2012). See also Teramoto and Jurcys (2013).
 
105
Easley and Kleinberg (2010), p. 59.
 
106
Prell (2012), p. 62.
 
107
Coleman characterizes the extreme case of a fully connected network as “closed”.
 
108
Walker et al. (2013), p. 176
 
109
Walker et al. (2013), p. 176.
 
110
de Nooy et al. (2005), p. 207.
 
111
Field (2009), p. 70.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Social Capital, Trust, and Guanxi (关系)
verfasst von
Zhen Meng
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5846-2_4