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Micro-mechanics of crack initiation

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Abstract

Prior to the crack initiation, damage is most often localized at a scale below the size of the classical representative volume element of the continuum mechanics. This allows the stress and strain analyses in a component to neglect the strain-damage coupling at macro-scale. At the micro-scale, this coupling plays a very important role which can be emphasized by a two scale element of an elastoplastic damaged micro-element embedded in an elastic or elastoplastic macro-element. The Lin-Taylor hypothesis of strain compatibility allows the determination of the damage at micro-scale by solving the coupled constitutive equations for a given macro-strain history. It is shown how this model may be cast in the form of a post-processor of a finite element code and how a simple damage law coupled with strain constitutive equations replicates the main features of ductile or creep crack initiation, low cycle and high cycle fatigue for the case of a three-dimensional state of stress.

Résumé

Avant l'amorçage d'une fissure, l'endommagement est le plus souvent très localisé à une échelle microscopique—cela permet de négliger le couplage déformation-endommagement à l'échelle macroscopique dans l'analyse des structures—un macro élément peut alors être considéré comme formé d'un micro-elément elastoplastique endommageable noyé dans une matrice élastique ou élasto-plastique l'hypothèse de compatibilité des déformations de Lin-Taylor permet de determiner l'endommagement à l'échelle microscopique en résolvant les lois de comportement couplées pour une histoire donnée des déformations macroscopiques. On montre que ce modele peut être considéré comme un post-processeur de tout code classique de calculs par éléments finis et qu'une loi simple d'endommagement rend compte des principales propriétés de l'ammorçage des fissures ductiles ou de fluage ainsi que de la fatigue à faible et grand nomlines des cycles en etat de constraintes tridimensionnelles.

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Lemaitre, J. Micro-mechanics of crack initiation. Int J Fract 42, 87–99 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018615

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