Abstract
A study was made of the intra-and inter-population variability of the main traits involved in Trichogramma (T. brassicae and T. cacoeciae) efficiency in host exploitation: longevity, fecundity, progeny viability, progeny sex ratio and progeny allocation. The analysis of isofemale strains shows that differences in progeny viability, progeny sex ratio and progeny allocation are transmissible and relatively stable over two successive generations. Comparison of three strains of T. brassicae originating from different locations, demonstrates differences in fecundity, progeny sex ratio and progeny allocation. Differences in host exploitation strategies also exist between two sympatric populations of T. brassicae and T. cacoeciae. No significant correlation appears between the traits which discriminate populations. The ecological and evolutionary significance and the agronomical importance of the results are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anunciada L. & Voegelé J., 1982. L'importance de la nourriture dans le potentiel biotique de Trichogramma maidis Pintureau et voegelé et T. nagarkatti Voegelé et Pintureau et l'oosorption dans les femelles en contention ovarienne. in ‘Les Trichogrammes’. Les Colloques de l'INRA no 9, INRA Publ., Paris, pp. 79–84.
Bigler F., Bieri M. Fritschy A. & Seidel K., 1988. Variation in locomotion between laboratory strains of Trichogramma maidis and its impact on parasitism of eggs of Ostrinia nubilalis in the field. Entomol. exp. appl. 49: 283–290.
Boller, E. F., 1979. Behavioral aspects of quality in insectary production. In ‘Genetics in relation to insect management’ (M. A. Hoy & J. J. MacKelvey Jr, eds), 179 p. The Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 153–160.
Boulétreau M., 1986. The genetic and coevolutionary interactions between parasitoids and their hosts. In ‘Insect parasitoids’ (J. Waage & D. Greathead, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 169–200.
Chassain Ch. & Boulétreau M., 1987. Genetic variability in the egg-laying behaviour of Trichogramma maïdis. Entomophaga 32: 149–157.
Chassain Ch., Boulétreau M. & Fouillet P., 1988. Host exploitation by parasitoids: local variations in foraging behaviour of females among populations of Trichogramma species. Entomol. exp. appl. 48: 195–202.
Cook R. M. & Hubbard S. F., 1977. Adaptive searchingstrategies in insect parasites. J. Anim. Ecol. 46: 115–125.
Hassell M. P., 1980. Foraging strategies, population models and biological control: a case study. J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 603–628.
Lessells C. M., 1985. Parasitoid foraging: should parasitism be density dependent? J. Anim. Ecol. 54: 27–41.
Mackauer M., 1972. Genetic aspects of insect production. Entomophaga 17: 27–48.
Mackauer M., 1976. Genetic problems in the production of biological control agents. A. Rev. Entomol. 21: 369–385.
May R. M., Hassell M. P., Anderson R. M. & Tonkyn D. W., 1981. Density dependence in host-parasitoid models. J. Anim. Ecol. 50: 855–865.
Nachman G., 1981. A simulation model of spatial heterogeneity and non-random search in an insect host-parasitoid system. J. Anim. Ecol. 50: 27–47.
Orzack E. D. & Parker S. H., 1986. Sex ratio control in a parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. I. Genetic variation in facultative sex-ratio adjustment. Evolution 40: 331–340.
Pak G. A., Buis H. C. E. M., Heck I. C. C. & Hermans M. L. G., 1986. Behavioural variations among strains of Trichogramma spp.: host-age selection. Entomol. exp. appl. 40: 247–258.
Pak G. A. & Van Heiningen T. G., 1985. Behavioural variations among strains of Trichogramma spp.: adaptability to fieldtemperature conditions. Entomol. exp. appl. 38: 3–13.
Parker E. D. & Orzack S. H., 1985. Genetic variation for the sex ratio in Nasonia vitripennis. Geneties 110: 93–105.
Pintureau B. & Voegelé J., 1980. Une nouvelle espèce proche de Trichogramma evanescens: T. maidis (Hymenoptera: Trichog-grammatidae). Entomophaga 25: 431–440.
Ram A. & Sharma A. K., 1977. Selective breeding for improving the fecundity and sex ratio of Trichogramma fasciatium (Perkins) (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera), an egg parasite of lepidopterous hosts. Entomon 2: 133–137.
Rosenheim J. A., Meade T., Powch I. G. & Schoenig S. E., 1989 Aggregation by foraging insect parasitoids in response to local variations in host density: determining the dimensions of a host patch. J. Anim. Ecol. 58: 101–117.
Roush, R. T., 1979. Genetic improvement of parasites. In ‘Genetics in relation to insect management’ M. A. Hoy & J. J. Mac Kelvey Jr, eds), The Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 97–105.
Salt G., 1935. Experimental studies in insect parasitism. III. Host selection. Proc. R. Soc. London (B) 117: 413–435.
Simmonds F. J., 1947. Improvement of the sex ratio of a parasite by selection. Canadian Entomol. 79: 41–44.
Stouthamer, R. & Luck, R.F., 1988. Microorganisms implicated as a cause of thelytokous parthenogenesis in Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Proc. XVIII Internat. Cong. Entomol., 499.
Sugimoto T., Murukami H. & Yamazaki R., 1987. Foraging for patchily-distributed leaf-miners by the parasitoid, Dapsilarthra nifiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). II. Stopping rule for host search. J. Ethol. 5: 95–103.
Templeton, A. R., 1979. Genetics of colonization and establishment of exotic species. In ‘Geneties in relation to insect management’ (M. A. Hoy & J. J. Mac Kelvey Jr, eds). The Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 41–49.
Van Alphen J. J. M. & Vet L. 1986. An evolutionary approach to host finding and selection. In ‘Insect parasitoids’ (J. Waage & D. Greathead, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 23–61.
Vet L., 1988. The influence of learning on habitat location and acceptance by parasitoids. In ‘Parasitoid insects’, Les Colloques de l'INRA no 48 (M. Boulétreau & G. Bonnot, eds.), INRA Publ., Paris, pp. 29–34.
Wajnberg E., 1988. Analysis of variations of handling time in Trichogramma maidis (Hymenoptera: Chalc.). In ‘Parsitoid insects’, Les Colloques de l'INRA no 48 (M. Boulétreau and G. Bonnot, eds), INRA Publ., Paris, pp. 69–70.
Wajnberg, E., Pizzol, J. & Babault, M., 1989. Genetic variation in progeny allocation in Trichogramma maidis. Entomol. exp. appl., in press.
Waage J. K., 1986. Family planning in parasitoids: adaptive patterns of progeny and sex allocation. In ‘Insect parasitoids‘ (J. Waage & D. Greathead, eds), Academic Press, London, pp. 63–95.
Werren J. H., Skinner S. W. & Huger A. M., 1986. Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp. Science 231: 990–992.
Wilkes A., 1964. Inherited male-producing factor in an insect that produces its males from unfertilized eggs. Science 3616: 305–309.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chassain, C., Boulétreau, M. Genetic variability in quantitative traits of host exploitation in Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Genetica 83, 195–202 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00126225
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00126225