Skip to main content
Log in

Model of a coral reef ecosystem

I. The ECOPATH model and its application to French Frigate Shoals

  • Published:
Coral Reefs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple model termed ECOPATH is presented which estimates mean annual biomass, production, and consumption for components of an ecosystem. To use the model, the ecosystem must be partitioned into groups of similar species and provide for these species groups, estimates of production to biomass, diet, and food consumption. The ECOPATH model is applied to an ecosystem at French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Extensive field work provides both estimates of the input parameters as well as estimates of mean annual biomass and production. Biomass and production estimates for some of the species groups modeled are used to validate the estimates generated by the model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen KR (1971) Relation between production and biomass. J Fish Res Board Can 28:1573–1581

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen KP, Ursin EA (1977) A multispecies extension to the Beverton and Holt theory of fishing, with accounts of phosphorus circulation and primary production. Medd Dan Fisk Havunders NS 7:319–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson MJ, Grigg RW (1984a) Model of a coral reef ecosystem. II. Gross and net benthic primary production at French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii. In: Grigg RW, Tanoue KY (eds) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, May 25–27, 1983, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Sea Grant

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson MJ, Grigg RW (1984b) Model of a coral reef ecosystem. II. Gross and net benthic primary production at French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 3:13–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakus GJ (1979) Wildlife refuges and endangered species of the Hawaiian Islands and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In: Byrne JE (ed) Literature review and synthesis of information on Pacific island ecosystems. US Fish Wildl Serv, Off Biol Serv, Wash, DC, FWS/OBS/79/35, pp 1–1-1–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardach JE (1959) The summer standing crop of fish on a shallow Bermuda reef. Limnol Oceanogr 4:77–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry PF, Smale MJ (1980) An estimate of production and consumption rates in the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus on a shallow littoral reef off the Natal coast, South Africa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2:337–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp DJ (1975) Secondary productivity in the sea. In: Productivity of world ecosystems. Proceedings of a Symposium Presented August 31-September 1, 1972, at the Vth General Assembly of the Special Committee for the International Biological Program, Seattle, Washington, Natl Res Counc, Natl Acad Sci, Wash DC, pp 71–89

  • Daan N (1973) A quantitative analysis of the food intake of North Sea cod, Gadus morhua. Neth J Sea Res 6:479–517

    Google Scholar 

  • DeCrosta MA (1981) Age determination, growth, and energetics of three species of carcharhinid sharks in Hawaii. MS thesis, University of Hawaii

  • Gordon MS, Kelly HM (1962) Primary productivity of an Hawaiian coral reef: a critique of flow respirometry in turbulent waters. Ecology 43:473–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigg RW, Pfund RT (eds) (1980) Proceedings of the Symposium on Status of Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, April 24–25, 1980. Sea Grant Misc Rep UNIHI-SEAGRANT-MR-80-04

  • Grigg RW, Polovina JJ, Atkinson MJ (1984) Model of a coral reef ecosystem. III. Resource limitation, community regulation, fisheries yield and resource management. Coral Reefs 3:23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigg RW, Tanoue KY (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, May 25–27, 1983. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Sea Grant

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison CS, Hida TS, Seki MP (1983) Hawaiian seabird feeding ecology. Wildl Monogr 85

  • Hirota J, Taguchi S, Shuman RF, Jahn AE (1980) Distributions of plankton stocks, productivity, and potential fishery yield in Hawaiian waters. In: Grigg RW, Pfund RT (eds) Proceedings of the Symposium on Status of Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, April 24–25, 1980. Sea Grant Misc Rep UNIHI-SEAGRANT-MR-80-04: 191–203

  • Holden MJ (1977) Elasmobranchs. In: Gulland JA (ed) Fish population dynamics. Wiley, London, pp 187–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannes RE (1978) Traditional marine conservation methods in Oceania and their demise. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 9:349–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawamoto PY (1973) Management investigation of the akule or bigeye scad, Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Completion report prepared for National Marine Fisheries Service under Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act, PL 88-309 Project No H-4-R. Division of Fish and Game, Department of Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey DW (1979) Carbon turnover and accumulation by coral reefs. PhD dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu

    Google Scholar 

  • Laevastu T, Larkins HA (1981) Marine fisheries ecosystem, its quantitative evaluation and management. Fishing News Books, Farnham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin PA, Gazey W (1981) Applications of ecological simulation models to management of tropical multispecies fisheries. In: Pauly D (ed) Proceedings of the ICLARM/CSIRO Workshop on Theory and Management of Tropical Multispecies Stocks, 12–23 January 1981, Cronulla, Australia, pp 123–140

  • Lewis JB (1977) Processes of organic production on coral reefs. Biol Rev 52:305–347

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald CD (1984) Studies on recruitment in the Hawaiian spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus. In: Grigg RW, Tanoue KY (eds) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, May 25–27, 1983, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Sea Grant

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald JS, Green RH (1983) Redundancy of variable used to describe importance of prey species in fish diets. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:635–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Marten GG, Polovina JJ (1982) A comparative study of fish yields from various tropical ecosystems. In: Pauly D, Murphy GI (eds) Theory and management of tropical fisheries. International Center for Living Aqautic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines and Division of Fisheries Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Cronulla, Australia. ICLARM Conf Proc 9:255–289

  • Menzel DW (1960) Utilization of food by a Bermuda reef fish, Epinephelus guttatus. J Cons Cons Int Explor Mer 25:216–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt RB (1979) Age, growth, and reproduction of the kumu, Parupeneus porphyresus Jenkins. MS thesis, University of Hawaii

  • Muscatine L, Porter JW (1977) Reef corals: mutualistic symbioses adapted to nutrient-poor environment. Bioscience 27:454–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum HT, Odum EP (1955) Trophic structure and productivity of windward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll. Ecol Mongr 25:291–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto H, Kanenaka B (1984) Preliminary report on the nearshore fishery resource assessment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 1977–82. In: Grigg RW, Tanoue KY (eds) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, May 25–27, 1983, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Sea Grant

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons TR, Takahashi M (1973) Biological oceanographic processes. Pergamon Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Parrish JD (1975) Marine trophic interactions by dynamic simulations of fish species. Fish Bull US 73:695–716

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauly D (1980) On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J Cons Cons Int Explor Mer 39:195–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauly D (1982) Notes on tropical multispecies fisheries, with a short bibliography of the food and feeding habits of tropical fish. In: Report on the Regional Training Course on Fishery Stock Assessment, 1 September–9 October 1981, Samutprakarn, Thailand, Tech Rep 1, Part II, SCS/GEN/82/41, Manila, pp 30–35, 92–98

  • Polovina JJ (1984) An ecosystem model applied to French Frigate Shoals. In: Grigg RW, Tanoue KY (eds) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Resource Investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, May 25–27, 1983, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Sea Grant

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralston S (1976) Age determination of a tropical reef butterflyfish utillizing daily growth rings of otoliths. Fish Bull US 74:990–994

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralston SVD (1981) A study of the Hawaiian deepsea handline fishing with special reference to the population dynamics of opakapaka, Pristipomoides filamentosus (Pisces: Lutjanidae). PhD dissertation, University Washington

  • Ralston S, Polovina JJ (1982) A multispecies analysis of the commercial deep-sea handline fishery in Hawaii. Fish Bull US 80:435–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricker WE (1969) Food from the sea. In: Cloud P (chairman) Resources and man, a study and recommendations. Report of the Committee on Resources and Man. US Natl Acad Sci. Freeman, San Francisco, California, pp 87–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryther JH (1969) Relationship of photosynthesis to fish production in the sea. Science 166:72–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith SV, Kinsey DW (1978) Calcification and organic carbon metabolism as indicated by carbon dioxide. In: Stoddart DR, Johannes RE (eds) Coral reefs: research methods. UNESCO, Paris, pp 469–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith SV, Marsh JA Jr (1973) Organic carbon production and consumption on the windward reef flat of Eniwetok Atoll. Limnol Oceanogr 18:953–961

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele JH (1974) The structure of marine ecosystem. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudekum AE (1983) Growth, feeding and reproduction of Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. MS thesis, University of Hawaii

  • Tester AL, Nakamura EL (1957) Catch rate, size, sex, and food of tunas and other pelagic fishes taken by trolling off Oahu, Hawaii, 1951–55. US Fish Wildl Serv, Spec Sci Rep-Fish 250

  • Walsh JJ (1981) A carbon budget for overfishing off Peru. Nature (London) 290:300–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi Y (1953) The fishing and the biology of the Hawaiian opelu, Decapterus pinnulatus (Eydoux and Souleyet). MS thesis, University of Hawaii

  • Yoshida HO (1979) Synopsis of biological data on tunas of the genus Euthynnus. US Dep Commer, NOAA Tech Rep NMFS Circ 429, 57 pp (FAO Fish Synop 122)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Polovina, J.J. Model of a coral reef ecosystem. Coral Reefs 3, 1–11 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306135

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306135

Keywords

Navigation