Summary
The distribution of lignin in normal and compression wood of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has been studied by the technique of lignin skeletonizing. Hydrolysis of the wood carbohydrates with hydrofluoric acid left normal wood tracheids with a uniform distribution of lignin in the S1 and S2 cell wall layers. However, the S3 region of both earlywood and latewood tracheids consistently retained a dense network of unhydrolyzable material throughout, perhaps lignin.
Lignin content in compression wood averaged about 7% more than in normal wood and appears to be concentrated in the outer zone of the S2 layer. The inner S2 region, despite helical checking, is also heavily lignified. The S1 layer, although thicker than normal in compression wood tracheids, contains relatively little lignin.
Ray cells, at least in normal wood, appear to be lignified to the same extent, if not more so in certain cases, than the longitudinal tracheids. Other locations where lignin may be concentrated include initial pit border regions and the membranes of bordered pits.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bentum, A. L. K., Côté, W. A., Day, A. C., Timell, T. E. 1969. Distribution of lignin in normal and tension wood. Wood Sci. Techn. 3 (3): 218–231.
Berlyn, G. P., Mark, R. E. 1965. Lignin distribution in wood cell walls. For. Prod. J. 16 (3): 140–141.
Clark, I. T. 1962. Determination of lignin by hydrofluoric acid. Tappi 45 (4): 310–314.
Côté, W. A., Day, A. C. 1969. Wood ultrastructure of the southern yellow pines. Technical Publication No. 95, State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
— 1968. Distribution of lignin in normal and compression wood of tamarack. Wood Sci. Techn. 2 (1): 13–37.
— 1966. Studies on compression wood. I. Distribution of compression wood in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Holz Roh- Werkstoff 24 (10): 432–438.
Dinwoodie, J. M. 1965. The relationship between fiber morphology and paper properties: A review of literature. Tappi 48 (8): 440–447.
Ellwood, E. L., Barefoot, A. C., Hitchings, R. G. 1969. The relationship between loblolly pine fiber morphology and kraft paper properties. Cooperative Research Study, Department of Wood and Paper Science: N. C. State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Fengel, D. 1965. Elektronenmikroskopische Beiträge zum Feinbau des Buchenholzes (Fagus sylvatica L.) I. Untersuchungen an Markstrahl-Parenchymzellen. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 23 (7): 257–263.
Fergus, B. J., Proctor, A. R., Scott, J. A. N., Goring, D. A. I. 1969. The distribution of lignin in sprucewood as determined by ultraviolet microscopy. Wood Sci. Techn. 3 (2): 117–138.
Gladstone, W. T. 1970. Kraft pulping of earlywood and latewood from loblolly pine. For. Prod. J. 20 (2): 17–24.
Jayme, G. 1958. Properties of wood cellulose. I. Chemical and morphological factors influencing pulp strength properties. Tappi 41 (11): 178A-180A.
Johnson, D. B., Moore, W. E., Zank, L. C. 1961. The spectrophotometric determination of lignin in small wood samples. Tappi 44 (11): 793–798.
Larson, P. R. 1969. Incorporation of C-14 in the developing walls of Pinus resinosa tracheids (earlywood and latewood). Holzforsch. 23 (1): 17–28.
Mirov, M. T. 1967. The genus Pinus. The Ronald Press Co., New York.
Murmanis, L., Sachs, I. B. 1969. Structure of pit border in Pinus strobus L. Wood and Fiber 1 (1): 7–17.
Norberg, P. H. 1969. Electron microscope studies of the morphology of fibers subjected to different chemical pulping conditions. Svensk Papperstid. 72 (18): 575–582.
Proctor, A. R., Yean, W. Q., Goring, D. A. I. 1967. The topochemistry of delignification in kraft and sulfite pulping of sprucewood. Pulp and Paper Mag. Can. 68 (9): T445-T453.
Sachs, I. B., Clark, I. T., Pew, J. C. 1963. Investigation of lignin distribution in the cell wall of certain woods. J. Poly. Sci. Part C (2): 203–212.
Watson, A. J., Dadswell, H. E. 1957. Papermaking properties of compression wood from Pinus radiata. APPITA 11 (3): 56–70.
Wellons, J. D. 1970. Cell wall polysaccharides in southern pine wood. Wood Sci. 2 (4): 247–254.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This report is a detailed excerpt from the Ph. D. dissertation of R. A. P. Financial support provided by the College of Forestry at Syracuse University and the National Defense Education Act is hereby gratefully acknowledged.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parham, R.A., Côté, W.A. Distribution of lignin in normal and compression wood of Pinus taeda L.. Wood Science and Technology 5, 49–62 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00363120
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00363120