Skip to main content
Log in

Decay of sandstone in urban areas correlated with atmospheric aerosol

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The decay of sandstone in urban areas has been investigated. Patterns and composition of the damage layers sampled on monuments and historical buildings are described. The elemental concentrations of black surface crusts are reported. Enrichment factors in relation to the sandstone and crustal rock composition have been calculated in order to point out the component due to atmospheric deposition. The presence of anthropogenic aerosol and its role in the process of damage is evidenced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrawal, O. P., Singh, T., and Jian, K. K.: 1986, Case Studies in the Conservation of Stone and Wall Paintings, IIC, London, 165–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alaimo, R., Deganello, S., and Montana, G.: 1986–1987, Miner. Petrog. Acta 30, 271.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials: 1989, Soil and Rock; Building Stones; Geotextiles, vol. 04.08, Washington D.C.

  • Andersson, T.: 1985, Proc. 5th Int. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne, Vol. 2, 1035–1043.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacci, P., Sabbioni, C., and Zappia, G.: 1990, in S. Masuda and K. Takahashi (eds.), Aerosol: Science, Industry, Health and Environment, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 997–1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaeuer, C.: 1985, Proc. 5th Int. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne, Vol. 1, 381–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camuffo, D., Del Monte, M., Sabbioni, C., and Vittori, O.: 1982, Atmos. Environ. 16, 2253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camuffo, D., Del Monte, M., and Sabbioni, C.: 1983, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 19, 351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camuffo, D.: 1984, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 21, 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clough, W. S.: 1973, Aerosol Science 4, 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Monte, M., Sabbioni, C., and Vittori, O.: 1981, Atmos. Environ. 15, 645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt, F. E. W.: 1985, Proc. 5th Int. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne, Vol. 2, 643–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilardi, E. F.: 1966, ‘Absorption of Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide by Clay Brick and other Buidling Materials’, PhD Thesis, Rutgers State University.

  • Goldberg, E.: 1985, Black Particles in the Environment, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graedel, T. E. and Mc Gill, R.: 1986, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 1093.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D. and Wilson, M. J.: 1985, International Biodeterioration 21, 99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumbein, W. E.: 1988, Durab. of Building Mat. 5, 359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lal, B. B.: 1978, UNESCO-RILEM Int. Symposium — Deterioration and Protection of Stone Monuments. Paris, pp. 62–68.

  • Lewin, S. Z.: 1982, in N. S. Baer (ed.), Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments, National Academy Press, Washington, pp. 120–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leysen, L., Roeken, E., and Van Grieken, R.: 1989, Science Tot. Environ. 78, 263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipfert, F. W.: 1989, Atmos. Environ. 23, 415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, B.: 1966, Principles of Geochemistry, J. Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, K. W: 1988, Atmos. Environ. 22, 2639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novakov, T., Chang, S. G., and Harker, A. B.: 1974, Science 186, 259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olmez, I., Sheffield, A. E., Gordon, G. E., Houck, J. E., Pritchett, L. C., Cooper, J. A., Dzubay, T. G., and Bennett, R. L.: 1988, JAPCA 38, 1392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi Manaresi, R.: 1975, ICOM Comittee for Conservation, 4th Meeting, Venice, pp. 5/3/1-24.

  • Rosvall, J.: 1988, Air Pollution and Conservation, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sramek, J. and Eckert, V.: 1986, Case Studies in the Conservation of Stone and Wall Paintings, IIC, London, pp. 109–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stambolov, T. and Van Asperen de Boer, J. R. J.: 1972, The Deterioration and Conservation of porous Building Materials in Monuments, Intern. Centre for Conservation, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subbamaran, S.: 1985, Proc. 5th Int. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne, Vol. 2, 1025–1033.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, G.: 1986, The Museum Environment, Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twilley, J. and Podany, J. C.: 1986, Case Studies in the Conservation of Stone and Wall Paintings, IIC, London, pp. 174–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vale, J. and Martin, A.: 1986, Durab. of Building Mat. 3, 183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warscheid, T., Petersen, K., and Krumbein, W.: 1990, Studies in Conservation 35, 137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, H.: 1985, Proc. 5th Int. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne, Vol. 2, 1063–1071.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, E. M.: 1982, in N. S. Baer (ed.), Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments, National Academy Press, Washington, pp. 108–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zappia, G., Sabbioni, C., and Gobbi, G.: 1989, in F. Zezza (ed.), The Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Grafo, Brescia, pp. 79–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zappia, G., Sabbioni, C., and Gobbi, G.: 1990, in Fiere (ed.), SEP Pollution, Padova, pp. 103–110.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sabbioni, C., Zappia, G. Decay of sandstone in urban areas correlated with atmospheric aerosol. Water Air Soil Pollut 63, 305–316 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475497

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475497

Keywords

Navigation