Skip to main content
Log in

Assessment of practical work

Some considerations in philosophy of science

  • Published:
Science & Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, much attention has been focused on the need to develop effective and efficient strategies and procedures for the assessment of laboratory work. Increasingly, the emphasis has moved towards a skills-based approach. The paper addresses a number of philosophical issues concerning this orientation and argues that the skills-based approach is philosophically unsound (because it isn't based on a valid model of science), educationally worthless (because it trivializes learning) and pedagogically dangerous (because it encourages bad teaching). An alternative, more holistic approach to assessment, based on a more valid model of scientific practice, is proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Assessment of Performance Unit (APU): 1984,Science in Schools: Ages 13 and 15, Research Report No. 3, Department of Education and Science, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • BeasleyW. F.: 1980, ‘Analysing Laboratory Performance — What do we really Measure?’,The Australian Science Teachers Journal 26 (1), 69–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-ZviR., HofsteinA., SamuelD., and KempaR. F.: 1977, ‘Mode of Instruction in High School Chemistry’,Journal of Research in Science Teaching 14(59), 433–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • BryceT., McCallJ., MacGregorJ., RobertsonI., and WestonR.: 1983,Techniques for the Assessment of Practical Skills in Foundation Science, Heinemann, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • BryceT. G. K., McCallJ., MacGregorJ., RobertsonI. J., and WestonR. A. J.: 1987,TAPS Report of the Project Phase 2, Jordanhill College of Education, Glasgow.

    Google Scholar 

  • BryceT. G. K. and RobertsonI. J.: 1985, ‘What Can They Do? A Review of Practical Assessment in Science’,Studies in Science Education 12, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education and Science: 1979,Aspects of Secondary Education in England: A Survey by HM Inspectors of Schools, HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education and Science: 1987,The National Curriculum Science Working Party Interim Report, HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • EdwardsJ. and PowerC.: 1990, ‘Role of laboratory Work in a National Junior Secondary Science Project: Australian Science Education Project (ASEP), in Hegarty-HazelE. (ed.),The Student Laboratory and the Science Curriculum, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • FeyerabendP. K.: 1962, ‘Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism’,Minnesota Studies in The Philosophy of Science III, 28–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • FeyerabendP. K.: 1975,Against Method, New Left Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • GagnéR. M.: 1963, ‘The Learning Requirements for Enquiry’,Journal of Research in Science Teaching 1(2), 144–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • GottR. and MurphyP.: 1987,Assessing Investigations at Ages 13 and 15, APU Science Report for Teachers 9, DES, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • HarrisJ. (ed.): 1985,Physics Examinations and Investigations, Revised Nuffield Advanced Science, Longman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • HodsonD.: 1986, ‘The Role of Assessment in the ‘Curriculum Cycle’: A Survey of Science Department Practice’,Research in Science & Technological Education 4 (1), 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • HodsonD.: 1988, ‘Experiments in Science and Science Teaching’,Educational Philosophy and Theory 20(2), 53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • HodsonD.: 1990 ‘A Critical Look at Practical Work in School Science’,School Science Review 71(256), 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • JakewaysR.: 1986, ‘Assessment of A-level Physics (Nuffield) Investigations’,Physics Education 21(4), 212–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • KempaR. F.: 1979, ‘Teacher Assessment of Practical Skills in Chemistry’ in HoareD. E., KempaR. F. and OngleyP. A. (eds.),Research in Assessment II, The Chemical Society, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • KempaR. F.: 1986,Assessment in Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • KimbellR.: 1991, ‘Tackling Technological Tasks’ in WoolnoughB. E. (ed.),Practical Science, Open University Press, Buckingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • KreigerA. G.: 1982, ‘Written Tests of Laboratory Skills’,Journal of Chemical Education 59(3), 230–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • LynchP. P.: 1987, ‘Laboratory Work in Schools and Universities: Structures and Strategies Still Largely Unexplored’,The Australian Science Teachers Journal 32(4), 31–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • MillarR.: 1991, ‘A Means to an End: the Role of Processes in Science Education’ in WoolnoughB. E., (ed.),Practical Science, Open University Press, Buckingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • MillarR. and DriverR.: 1987, ‘Beyond Processes’,Studies in Science Education 14, 33–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northern Examining Association (NEA): 1990.GCSE Science (Modular) Syllabus for the the 1991 Examination, NEA, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • NorrisS. P.: 1985, ‘The Philosophical Basis of Observation in Science and Science Education’,Journal of Research in Science Teaching 22(9), 817–833.

    Google Scholar 

  • OakeshottM.: 1962, ‘Rational Conduct’ inRationalism in Politics and Other Essays, Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • PowerC.: 1986, ‘Criterion-based Assessment, Grading and Reporting at Year 12 Level’,Australian Journal of Education 30(3), 266–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • QualterA., StrangJ., SwattonP., and TaylorR.: 1990,Exploration — A Way of Learning Science, Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • ReidD. J. and HodsonD.: 1987,Science For All. Teaching Science in the Secondary School, Cassell, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • ShapereD.: 1982, ‘The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy’,Philosophy of Science 49(4), 485–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • StevensP.: 1978, ‘On the Nuffield Philosophy of Science’,Journal of Philosophy of Education 12, 99–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • WhiteR. T.: 1991, ‘Episodes, and the Purpose and Conduct of Practical Work’ in WoolnoughB. E. (ed.),Practical Science, Open University Press, Buckingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • WoolnoughB. E.: 1988, ‘Reductio ad Absurdum?’,Physics Education 23(1), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • WoolnoughB. E.: 1991, ‘Practical Science as a Holistic Activity’, in WoolnoughB. E. (ed.),Practical Science, Open University Press, Buckingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • WoolnoughB. and AllsopT.: 1985,Practical Work in Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • WoolnoughB. E. and TohK. A.: 1990, ‘Alternative Approaches to Assessment of Practical Work in Science’,School Science Review 71(256), 127–131.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hodson, D. Assessment of practical work. Sci Educ 1, 115–144 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572835

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572835

Keywords

Navigation