Skip to main content
Log in

What's wrong with the treadway commission report? Experimental analyses of the effects of personal values and codes of conduct on fraudulent financial reporting

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In three studies, factors influencing the incidence of fraudulent financial reporting were assessed. We examined (1) the effects of personal values and (2) codes of corporate conduct, on whether managers misrepresented financial reports. In these studies, executives and controllers were asked to respond to hypothetical situations involving fraudulent financial reporting procedures. The occurrence of fraudulent reporting was found to be high; however, neither personal values, codes of conduct, nor the interaction of the two factors played a significant role in fraudulent financial reporting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Berenbeim, R. E.: 1987,Corporate Ethics (The Conference Board, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. and E. Donnerstein: 1982, ‘External Validity is More Than Skin Deep: Some Answers to Criticisms of Laboratory Experiments’,American Psychologist 37, 245–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithewaite, V. A. and H. G. Law: 1985, ‘Structure of Human Values: Testing the Adequacy of the Rokeach Value Survey’,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, 250–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brief, A. P. and R. J. Aldag: 1989, ‘The Economic Functions of Work’, in K. Rowland and J. Ferris (eds.),Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brief, A. P., J. M. Dukerich and L. I. Doran: 1991, ‘Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Management: Experimental Investigations of Values, Accountability, and Choice’,Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21, 380–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brief, A. P. and W. R. Nord: 1990,Meaning of Occupational Work: A Collection of Essays (Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass).

    Google Scholar 

  • The Business Roundtable: 1988,Corporate Ethics: A Prime Business Asset (The Business Roundtable, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Business Week: 1979, ‘How to Spot the Hotshots’.

  • Campbell, D. and J. Stanley: 1963,Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research (Rand McNally, Chicago).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, R. B., A. Levy, C. P. Herman and S. Evenbeck: 1973, ‘Attitudinal Politics: The Strategy of Moderation’,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, 250–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. W.: 1989,The Criminal Elite: The Sociology of White Collar Crime (St. Martin's Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J.: 1951, ‘Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests’,Psychometrika 16, 297–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, R. L. M.: 1981, ‘Designs for Organizational Control’, in P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck (eds.),Handbook of Organizational Design (Vol. 2) (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T.: 1975,Values in Education and Society (Free Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koppelman, R. E., A. P. Brief and R. A. Guzzo: 1990, ‘The Role of Climate and Culture in Productivity’, in B. Schneider (ed.),Organizational Climate and Culture (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W.: 1975, ‘The Human Subject in the Psychological Experiment: Fact and Artifact’, in L. Berkowitz (ed.),Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 8) (Academic Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landekich, S.: 1989,Corporate Codes of Conduct: An Examination and Implementation Guide (National Association of Accountants, Montvale, NJ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke, E. A.: 1986,Generalizing From Laboratory to Field Settings (D.D. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, F. M.: 1966,Evaluating Executive Decision Making: The In-Basket Technique, AMA Research Study No. 75 (American Management Association, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarroll, T.: 1992, Who's Counting?Time, April 13: 48–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCoy, C. S.: 1985,Management of Values: The Ethical Differences in Corporate Policy and Performance (Pitman, Boston).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mook, D. C.: 1983, ‘In Defense of External Validity’,American Psychologist 38, 379–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting: 1987, Report of theNational Commission on Fraudulent Reporting, National Commission on Fraudulent Reporting.

  • Pahl, R. E. and J. T. Winkler: 1974, ‘The Economic Elite: Theory and Practice’, in P. Stanworth and A. Giddens (eds.),Elites and Power in British Society (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, A. J., C. S. Smith and P. H. Mihalek: 1990, ‘Are Corporate Codes of Conduct Effective?’,Management Accounting (Sept.), 34–35.

  • Rokeach, M.: 1968,Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M.: 1973,The Nature of Human Values (Free Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M.: 1979,Understanding Human Values (Free Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M.: 1980, ‘Some Unresolved Issues in Theories of Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values’, in H. E. Howe, Jr. and M. M. Page (eds.),1979 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B. and S. Gunnarson: 1990, ‘Organizational Climate and Cultures: The Psychology of the Workplace’, in J. W. Jones, B. D. Steffy, D. Bray (eds.),Applying Psychology in Business: The Manager's Handbook (Lexington Books, Lexington, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B., R. A. Guzzo and A. P. Brief: 1992, ‘Establishing a Climate for Productivity Improvement’, in W. K. Hodson (ed.),Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook (4th ed.) (McGraw-Hill, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. and N. Inbar-Sabon: 1988, ‘Value Self-Confrontation as a Method to Aid in Weight Loss’,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54, 396–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Second, P. F.: 1986, ‘Explanation in the Social Sciences and in Life Situations’, in D. W. Fiske and R. A. Shweder (eds.),Metatheory in Social Science (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago), pp. 197–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H.: 1957,Administrative Behavior (The Free Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeny, R. B. and H. L. Siers: 1990, ‘Survey: Ethics in Corporate America’,Management Accounting, June: 34–40.

  • Tetlock, P. E.: 1985, ‘Accountability: The Neglected Social Context of Judgment and Choice’,Research in Organizational Behavior 76, 297–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tetlock, P. E.: 1986, ‘A Value Pluralism Model of Ideological Reasoning’,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 819–827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touche Ross & Co.: 1988,Ethics in American Business: A Special Report (Touche Ross, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, W. C., A. P. Brief and W. R., Jr. Kinney: 1981, ‘Perception of the Internal and External Auditor as a Deterrent to Corporate Irregularities’,The Accounting Review 56, 465–478.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Arthur P. Brief is the Lawrence Martin Chair of Business at Tulane University where he also is the Director of The William B. and Evelyn Burkenroad Institute for the Study of Ethics and Leadership in Management as well as, by courtesy, Professor of Psychology.

Janet M. Dukerich is an Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business Administration at The University of Texas at Austin.

Paul M. Brown is an Associate Professor of Accounting in the Stern School of Business at New York University.

Joan F. Brett is an Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior in the Edwin L. Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brief, A.P., Dukerich, J.M., Brown, P.R. et al. What's wrong with the treadway commission report? Experimental analyses of the effects of personal values and codes of conduct on fraudulent financial reporting. J Bus Ethics 15, 183–198 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705586

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705586

Keywords

Navigation