Abstract
This paper examines the Singapore Area License Scheme. Changes in scheduling and choices of transportation mode by commuters are discussed. Although the toll is shown to reduce travel times for many commuters, many commuters are shown to incur scheduling costs as a result of the toll. Using estimated parameters of an indirect utility function, welfare functions are computed to compare welfare levels prior to, and just after, the toll was put into place. The evidence suggests that the toll may have reduced welfare.
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Wilson, P.W. Welfare effects of congestion pricing in Singapore. Transportation 15, 191–210 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00837581
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00837581