Skip to main content
Log in

A critical examination of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is responsible for the Code of Professional Conduct that governs the actions of CPAs. In 1988, the Code was revised by the AICPA, but a number of issues still remain unresolved or confounded by the new Code. These issues are examined in light of the profession's stated commitment to the public good, a commitment that is discussed at length in the new Code.

Specifically, this paper reviews the following issues: (1) client confidentiality and whistleblowing, (2) limited liability, and (3) auditor independence. We argue that, in each of these areas, the AICPA promotes a position that is potentially harmful to the public good.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  • American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: 1993,AICPA Professional Standards, Volume 1: U.S. Auditing Standards (Commerce Clearing House, Chicago).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: 1973,Code of Professional Ethics (AICPA, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: 1991,Code of Professional Conduct (AICPA, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: 1986,Restructuring Professional Standards to Achieve Professional Excellence in a Changing Environment (AICPA, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: 1992, ‘Rule 505 Amendment passes by more than 92% of vote’,The CPA Letter 72(1), 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G. D., and R. C. Ellyson: 1986, ‘Restructuring Professional Standards: The Anderson Report’,Journal of Accountancy 162(9), 92, 94, 96–100, 102, 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur Andersen & Co., Coopers & Lybrand, Deloitte & Touche, Ernst & Young, KPMG Peat Marwick, and Price Waterhouse: 1991,The Public Accounting Profession: Meeting the Needs of a Changing World (Jan.).

  • Arthur Andersen & Co., Coopers & Lybrand, Deloitte & Touche, Ernst & Young, KPMG Peat Marwick, and Price Waterhouse: 1992,The Liability Crisis in the United States: Impact on the Accounting Profession (Aug. 6).

  • Beach, J. E.: 1984, ‘Code of Ethics: The Professional Catch 22’,Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 3(4), 311–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal, R. G.: 1990, ‘Accounting Group Reverses its Position, Backs Bill on Auditors Blowing Whistle’,The Wall Street Journal (Sept. 14).

  • Bowie, N.: 1986, ‘Accountants, Full Disclosure, and Conflicts of Interest’,Business and Professional Ethics Journal 5, 60–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briloff, A. J.: 1987, ‘Do Management Services Endanger Independence and Objectivity?’,CPA Journal 87(8), 22–24, 26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briloff, A. J.: 1972,Unaccountable Accounting (Harper and Row, New York, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Casler, D. J.: 1964.The Evolution of CPA Ethics: A Profile of Professionalism (Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Claypool, G. A., D. F. Fetyko and M. A. Pearson: 1990, ‘Reactions to Ethical Dilemmas: A Study Pertaining to Certified Public Accountants’,Journal of Business Ethics 10(9), 699–706.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, J. L., Jr.: 1990, ‘The War on Accountants’ Legal Liability: An Interview with Robert Mednick’,CPA Journal 60(3), 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, D. W., L. B. Chonko and S. D. Hunt: 1988, ‘Ethical Problems in Public Accounting: The View from The Top’,Journal of Business Ethics 7, 605–615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, M. S.: 1989, ‘Professional Codes: Why, How, and With What Impact?’,Journal of Business Ethics 8, 109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J.: 1993, ‘Phar-Mor and Coopers Provide Textbook Example’,The Denver Post (March 21), 1G, 5G.

  • Hamilton, W. F. and W. D. Callahan: 1988, ‘The Accountant as a Public Professional’, in T. L. Beauchamp and N. E. Bowie (eds.),Ethical Theory and Business, Third Edition (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillison, W. and M. Kennelley: 1988, ‘The Economics of Nonaudit Services’,Accounting Horizons 2(3), 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mautz, R. K. and H. A. Sharaf: 1961,The Philosophy of Auditing, American Accounting Association Monograph No. 6. (American Accounting Association, Sarasota, Florida).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmrose, Z.: 1987, ‘Litigation and Independent Auditors: The Role of Business Failures and Management Fraud’,Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory (Spring), 90–103.

  • Pickering, J.: 1993, ‘Auditors Want More Protection’,The Denver Post (March 6), 1C, 6C.

  • Richmond, K.: 1993, ‘Accounting Field Tackles Reform’,The Denver Post (March 21), 1G, 4G.

  • Salwen, K. G.: 1990, ‘House Bill Requires Accountants to Tell the SEC of Companies’ Illegal Acts’,The Wall Street Journal (Oct. 5), A2.

  • Schultz, C. G., (ed.): 1990, ‘Harmonizing Professional Conduct Rules’,CA Magazine (June), 47–49.

  • Schweikart, J. A.: 1992, ‘Cognitive-contingency Theory and the Study of Ethics in Accounting’,Journal of Business Ethics 11, 471–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiller, E. A., Jr.: 1964, ‘Professional Standards in Accounting’, in J. W. Towle (ed.),Ethics and Standards in American Business (Houghton Mifflin, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • United States v. Arthur Young & Co.: 1984, 104 S. Ct. 1495, 1503.

  • Waples, E. and M. K. Shaub: 1991, ‘Establishing an Ethic of Accounting: A Response to Westra's Call for Government Employment of Auditors’,Journal of Business Ethics 10, 385–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westra, L. S.: 1986, ‘Whose ‘Loyal Agent’? Towards an Ethic of Accounting’,Journal of Business Ethics 5, 119–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeff, S. A.: 1987, ‘Does the CPA Belong to a Profession?’,Accounting Horizons 1(2), 65–68.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Allison Collins is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Accounting and Taxation at Colorado State University. She has been a Certified Public Accountant since 1982. She has published previously inJournal of Business Ethics.

Normal Schutz is an Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and Taxation at Colorado State University. He has published in such journals asJournal of Business Ethics, EDP Auditor Journal andInternal Auditor.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Collins, A., Schultz, N. A critical examination of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. J Bus Ethics 14, 31–41 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00873733

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00873733

Keywords

Navigation