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Measurements of thermally stratified pipe flow using image-processing techniques

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Abstract

The cross-correlation technique and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) have been adopted to measure the time-dependent and two-dimensional velocity and temperature fields of a stably thermal-stratified pipe flow. One thousand instantaneous and simultaneous velocity and temperature maps were obtained at overall Richardson numberRi = 0 and 2.5, from which two-dimensional vorticity, Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux vector were evaluated. The quasi-periodic inclined vortices (which connected to the ‘crest’) were revealed from successive instantaneous maps and temporal variation of vorticity and temperature. It has been recognized that these vortices are associated with the ‘crest’ and ‘valley’ in the roll-up motion.

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Abbreviations

A :

Fraction of the available light collected

C :

Concentration of fluorescence

D :

Pipe diameter

I :

Fluorescence intensity

L :

Sampling length along the incident beam

I 0 :

Intensity of an excitation beam

I c (T):

Calibration curve between temperature and fluorescence intensity

I ref :

Reference intensity of fluorescence radiation

Re b :

Reynolds number based on bulk velocity,U b D/v

Ri :

Overall Richardson number based on velocity difference,βgDΔT/ΔU 2

t :

Time

Δt :

Time interval between the reference and corresponding matrix

T :

Temperature

T 1,T 2 :

Temperature of lower and upper layer

T * :

Normalized temperature, (T−T 1)/ΔT

T c (I):

Inverse function of temperature as a function ofI c

T ref :

Reference temperature

ΔT :

Temperature difference between upper and lower flow,T 2 −T 1

U 1 :

Velocity of lower stream

U 2 :

Velocity of upper stream

U b :

Bulk velocity

U c :

Streamwise mean velocity atY/D=0

ΔU :

Streamwise velocity difference between upper and lower flow,U 1−U 2

u′, v′, T′ :

Fluctuating component ofU, V, T

U, V :

Velocity component of X, Y direction

X :

Streamwise distance from the splitter plate

Y :

Transverse distance from the centerline of the pipe

Z :

Spanwise distance from the centerline of the pipe

φ :

Quantum yield

ɛ :

Absorptivity

ω :

vorticity calculated from a circulation

ν :

Kinematic viscosity

Γ :

circulation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, 223, Yokohama, Japan

    J. Sakakibara, K. Hishida & M. Maeda

Authors
  1. J. Sakakibara
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  2. K. Hishida
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  3. M. Maeda
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Sakakibara, J., Hishida, K. & Maeda, M. Measurements of thermally stratified pipe flow using image-processing techniques. Experiments in Fluids 16, 82–96 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00944910

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00944910

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