Summary
A surface instability detection apparatus for investigating axial splitting and spalling phenomena in rocks and rock-like materials is described. The apparatus simulates the conditions under which these phenomena occur and allows one to accurately measure them. Experimental results from tests on Berea sandstone are presented where the successive formation of spalling fractures was monitored with an acoustic emission system and the location of the seismic events was mapped. The test results show the potential for benchmark tests in determining the spalling tendency and characteristics of different rocks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Erf, R. K. (1974): Holographic nondestructive testing. Academic Press, New York.
Ewy, R. T., Cook, N. G. W. (1990): Deformation and fracture around cylindrical openings in rock—I. Observations and analysis of deformations. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 27 (5), 387–407.
Friedman, M., Bur, T. R. (1974): Investigations of the relations among residual strain, fabric, fracture and ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in rocks. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 11, 221–234.
Hudson, J. A., Crouch, S. L., Fairhurst, C. (1972): Soft, stiff and servo-controlled testing machines: A review with reference to rock failure. Eng. Geol. 6, 155–189.
Jacquot, P., Rastogi, P. K. (1983): Speckle metrology and holographic interferometry applied to the study of cracks in concrete. In: Wittmann, F. H. (ed.), Fracture mechanics of concrete. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 113–155.
Labuz, J. F., Bridell, J. M. (1983). Reducing frictional constraint in compression testing through lubrication. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci Geomech. Abstr. 30 (4), 451–455.
Labuz, J. F., Papamichos, E. (1991): Preliminary results of plane-strain testing of soft rock. In: Roegiers, J.-C. (ed.), Proc., 32nd U.S. Symp. on Rock Mechanics. Balkema, Rotterdam, 667–674.
Landis, E., Ouyang, C., Shah, S. P. (1992): Automated determination of first P-wave arrival and AE location. J. Acoust. Emission.
Ord, A., Vardoulakis, I., Kajewski, R. (1991): Shear band formation in Gosford sandstone. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 28 (5), 397–409.
Ortlepp, W. D. (1983): The mechanism and control of rockbursts. In: Budavari, S. (ed.), Rock mechanics in mining practice. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Met., Johannesburg, 257–281.
Papamichos, E., Vardoulakis, I., Papanastasiou, P. (1988): Borehole stability in elastic rock with damage and microstructure. In: Fairhurst, C. (ed.), Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, 255–258.
Peng, S., Johnson, A. M. (1972): Crack growth and faulting in cylindrical specimens of Chelmsford granite. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 9, 37–86.
Santarelli, F. (1987): Theoretical and experimental investigation of the stability of the axisymmetric wellbore. Ph. D. Thesis, Imperial College, London.
Schäpermeier, E. (1979): Formulierung eines Gebirgsschlagkriteriums für den Steinkohlenbergbau mit Hilfe eines Finite-Differenzen-Verfahrens. Veröff. IBF, Heft 83, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe.
Sondergeld, C. H., Estey, L. H. (1981): Acoustic emission study of microfracturing during the cyclic loading of Westerly granite. J. Geophys. Res. 86 (B4), 2915–2924.
Stavropoulou, V. G. (1982): Behavior of brittle sandstone in plane-strain conditions. In: Proc., 23rd U.S. Symp. on Rock Mech., California, 351–358.
van den Hoek, P. J., Kooijman, A. P., Kenter, C. J., Khodaverdian, M., Hyland, C. R., McLennan, J. D. (1992): Size-dependency of hollow cylinder collapse strength. In: 67th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the SPE, Washington, DC, SPE 24800, II, 351–360.
Vardoulakis, I., Frantziskonis, G. (1992): Micro-structure in kinematic-hardening plasticity. Europ. J. Mech. A/Solids 11 (4), 467–486.
Vardoulakis, I., Labuz, J. F., Papamichos, E. (1991): Surface instability detection apparatus. U.S. patent 5,024,103.
Wawersik, W. R., Fairhurst, C. (1970): A study of brittle rock fracture in laboratory compression experiments. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 7 (5), 561–575.
Wawersik, W. R., Rudnicki, J. W., Olsson, W. A., Holcomb, D. J., Chau, K. T. (1990): Localization of deformation in brittle rock: Theoretical and laboratory investigations. In: Shah, S. P., Swartz, S. E., Wang, M. L. (eds.), Proc. Int. Conference on Micromechanics of Failure of Quasi-Brittle Materials. Elsevier Science, London, 115–124.
Yukutake, H. (1989): Fracturing process of granite inferred from measurements of spatial and temporal variations in velocity during triaxial deformations. J. Geophys. Res. 94 (B11), 15639–15651.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Papamichos, E., Labuz, J.F. & Vardoulakis, I. A surface instability detection apparatus. Rock Mech Rock Engng 27, 37–56 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01025955
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01025955