Abstract
This paper examines the pattern of self-employment in Australia and the United States. We particularly focus on the movement of young people in and out of self-employment using comparable longitudinal data from the two countries. We find that the forces that influence whether a person becomes self-employed are broadly similar: in both countries skilled manual workers, males and older workers were particularly likely to move to self-employment. We also find that previous firm size, previous union status and previous earnings are important determinants of transitions to self-employment. The main difference we observe is that additional years of schooling had a positive impact on the probability of being self-employed in the US but were not a significant influence in Australia. However, the factors influencing the probability of leaving self-employment are different across the two countries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bendick, M. and M. L. Egan, 1987, ‘Transfer Payment Diversion for Small Business Development: British and French Experience’,Industrial and Labor Relations Review 40, 528–542.
Blanchflower, D. G and A. J. Oswald, 1990a, ‘What Makes a Young Entrepreneur?’, NBER Working Paper No. 3252.
Blanchflower, D. G. and A. J. Oswald, 1990b, ‘Self-employment and Mrs Thatcher's Enterprise Culture’, in R. Jowell and S. Witherspoon (eds.),British Social Attitudes: The 7th Report, Aldershot: Gower Press.
Blau, D., 1987, ‘A Time-Series Analysis of Self-Employment in the US’,Journal of Political Economy 95(3), 445–467.
Borjas, G., 1986, ‘The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants’,Journal of Human Resources, 487–506.
Borjas G. and S. Bronars, 1989, ‘Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment’,Journal of Political Economy, 581–605.
Brown, C., J. Hamilton and J. Medoff, 1990,Employers Large and Small, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Covick, O., 1984, ‘Self Employment Growth in Australia’, in Richard Blandy and Owen Covick (eds.),Understanding Labour Markets in Australia, North Sydney, Australia: George Allen & Unwin.
Dunsmuir, W., R. Tweedie, L. Flack and K. Mengersen, 1989, ‘Modelling of Transitions Between Employment States for Young Australian’,Australian Journal of Statistics 31A, 165–196.
Ellwood, D., 1982, ‘Teenage Unemployment: Permanent Scars or Temporary Blemishes?’, in R. Freeman and D. Wise (eds.),The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes and Consequences, University of Chicago Press and NBER.
Evans, D. and B. Jovanovic, 1989, ‘An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice Under Liquidity Constraints’,Journal of Political Economy, 808–827.
Evans, D. and L. Leighton, 1989, ‘Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship’,American Economic Review, 519–535.
Fishman, M. E., and D. H. Weinberg, 1990, ‘The Role of Evaluation in State Welfare Reform ‘Waiver’ Demonstrations’, unpublished.
Fuchs, V. R., 1982, ‘Self-Employment and Labor Force Participation of Older Males’,Journal of Human Resources 17, 339–357.
Holmes, T. J. and J. A. Schmitz, 1991, ‘The Dynamics of the Small Business Sector: Theory and Some Initial Estimates’, mimeo, Dartmouth College.
Lazear, E. P. and R. L. Moore, 1984, ‘Incentives, Productivity, and Labor Contracts’,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 275–296.
Light, I., 1972,Ethnic Enterprise in America, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Meyer, B., 1990, ‘Why are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?’, NBER Working Paper No. 3537.
Moore, R. L., 1983, ‘Employer Discrimination: Evidence from Self-Employed Workers’,Review of Economics and Statistics 65, 496–501.
Norris, K., 1986, ‘Self-Employment in Australia’, in W. J. Merrilees (ed.),Profession Incomes, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
OECD, 1986, ‘Self-Employment in OECD Countries’,OECD Employment Outlook, September, 43–63 and 150–153.
Rees, H. and A. Shah, 1986, ‘An Empirical Analysis of Self-Employment in the UK’,Journal of Applied Econometrics 1, 95–108.
Sowell, T., 1981,Markets and Minorities, New York: Basic Books.
Terry, C., R. Jones and R. Braddock (eds.), 1988,Australian Microeconomic Policies, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Australia.
Wolpin, K., 1977, ‘Education and Screening’,American Economic Review, 949–958.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blanchflower, D.G., Meyer, B.D. A longitudinal analysis of the young self-employed in Australia and the United States. Small Bus Econ 6, 1–19 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066108
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066108