References
K. Grjotheim, C. Krohn, M. Malinovsky, K. Matiasovsky and J. Thonstad, ‘Aluminium Electrolysis, Fundamentals of the Hall-Heroult Process’. 2nd edn, Aluminium-Verlag, Düsseldorf (1982).
K. Grjotheim, W. E. Haupin and B. J. Welch, ‘Light Metals’ (edited by H. O. Bohner) Proc. of 114th Annual Meeting, New York (1985) pp. 679–694.
R. Ødegård, On the solubility and electrochemical behaviour of aluminium and aluminium carbide in cryolitic melts. Thesis. Univ. of Trondheim, NTH, Trondheim, Norway (1986).
Å. Sterten and I. Mæland,Acta Chem. Scand. A39 (1985) 241.
K. S. Pitzer,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84 (1962) 2025.
M. A. Bredig and H. R. Bronstein.J. Phys. Chem. 64 (1960) 64.
M. A. Bredig, in ‘Molten Salt Chemistry’ (edited by M. Blander), Interscience, New York (1964).
M. Paucirova, K. Matiasovsky and M. Malinovsky,Rev. Roumaine Chim. 15 (1970) 33.
Å. Sterten, K. Hamberg and I. Mæland,Acta Chem. Scand. A36 (1982) 329.
J. Thonstad and S. Rotseth,Electrochim. Acta 23 (1978) 221.
23 (1978) 233.
D. Bratland, K. Grjotheim, C. Krohn and K. Motzfeldt.J. Metals 19 (1967) 13.
A. Solheim and J. Thonstad, ‘Light Metals’ (edited by R. D. Zabreznik), Proc. of 116th AIME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado (1987) pp. 239–245.
N. Ibl,Pure Appl. Chem. 53 (1981) 1827.
S. Rolseth and J. Thonstad, ‘Light Metals’ (edited by G. M. Bell), Proc. of 110th AIME Annual Meeting, Chicago (1981) pp. 289–301.
Å. Sterten, S. Rolseth, E. Skybakmoen, A. Solheim and J. Thonstad, ‘Light Metals’ (edited by L. G. Boxall), Proc. of 117th AIME Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona (1988) pp. 663–670.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sterten, Å. Current efficiency in aluminium reduction cells. J Appl Electrochem 18, 473–483 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01093766
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01093766