Skip to main content
Log in

Exfoliation of graphite

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The exfoliation of graphite is a phase transition involving the vaporization of the intercalate in the graphite. Exfoliated graphite is an expanded graphite with a low density. This paper reviews the process of the exfoliation of graphite and the exfoliated graphite material. It surveys the applications of exfoliated graphite, covers both reversible and irreversible exfoliation and reviews the methods and mechanism of exfoliation. Other topics include the structure and properties of exfoliated graphite, graphite foils, exfoliated carbon fibres and composites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. H. Shane, R. J. Russell andR. A. Bochman, US Patent 3 404 061 (1968).

  2. Z. Huang, Runhua Yu Mifeng Vol.6 (1981) pp. 28–32.

    Google Scholar 

  3. L. Shi andY. Fan, Runhua Yu Mifeng Vol.27 (1981) pp. 17–24, 70.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. K. Flitney,Tribology Int. 19 (1986) 181.

    Google Scholar 

  5. T and N Materials Research Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 168 978 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nippon Pillar Packing Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 124 863 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Hirschvogel, Ger. Offen. DE 3 244 595 (1984).

  8. Nippon Steel Corp., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 164 279 (1982).

  9. Nippon Pillar Packing Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo JP 59 68 387 (1984).

  10. Cesa SA, UK Patent 1 588 876 (1981).

  11. Furukawa Electric Co., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 17 284 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. Mikami, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 76 96 793 (1976).

  13. Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 81 349 (1984).

  14. Kao Corp., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 78 204 (1984).

  15. Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 58 278 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. W. Atkinson, UK Patent Application GE 2 128 629 (1984).

  17. W. L. Garrett, J. Sharma, J. Pinto andH. Prask, Report ARL CD-TR-81008, AD-E400 617 (National Technical Information Service of USA, 1981).

  18. Fukubi Kagaku Kogyo KK, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57 49 367 (1982).

  19. N. Watanabe, A. Izumi andT. Nakajima,Kenkyu Hokoku-Asahi Garasu Kogyo Gijutsu Shoreikai 39 (1981) 15.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference on Carbon, Vol. 13 (American Carbon Society, 1977) pp. 136, 137.

  21. R. Clarke, P. M. Horn, S. E. Nagler andT. F. Rosenbaum,J. Appl. Phys. 55 (1984) 1231.

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. N. Argul', N. V. Kovaleva, I. L. Mar'yasin andG. A. Mishina,Colloid J. USSR 44 (1982) 274.

    Google Scholar 

  23. W. H. Martin andJ. E. Brocklehurst,Carbon 1 (1964) 133.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. Mazieres, G. Colin, J. Jegoudez andR. Setton,ibid. 13 (1975) 289.

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. H. Anderson andD. D. L. Chung,ibid. 22 (1984) 253.

    Google Scholar 

  26. idem andD. D. L. Chung,Synth. Met. 8 (1983) 343.

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. W. Aylesworth, US Patent 1 191 383 (1916).

  28. A. R. Ubbelohde,Br. Coal Util. Res. Assoc. Gaz. 51 (1964) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 69 413 (1984).

  30. B. Findeisen andM. Thomasius, Ger. (East) DD 150 739 (1981).

  31. A. Hirschvogel andH. Zimmermann, European Patent Application EP 87 489 (1983).

  32. M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conferences on Carbon, Vol. 12 (American Carbon Society, 1975) pp. 31, 32.

  33. S. F. McKay,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Inagaki and Toyo Carbon Co. Ltd, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 156 515 (1983).

  35. M. Inagaki, K. Muramatsu, Y. Maeda andK. Maekawa,Synth. Met. 8 (1983) 335.

    Google Scholar 

  36. D. D. L. Chung andLan W. Wong,Carbon 24 (1986) 639.

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. H. Anderson andD. D. L. Chung,ibid. 22 (1984) 613.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Z. Xu andX. Mo, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conferences on Carbon, Vol. 17 (American Carbon Society, 1985) pp. 59, 60.

  39. H. Jimenez-Gonzalez, J. S. Speck, G. Roth, M. S. Dresselhaus andM. Endo,Carbon 24 (1986) 627.

    Google Scholar 

  40. K. Aoki, T. Hirai andS. Yajima,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 140.

    Google Scholar 

  41. M. B. Dowell, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference on Carbon, Vol.12 (1975) p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  42. D. D. L. Chung,Carbon 25 (1987) 361.

    Google Scholar 

  43. C. Mazieres, G. Colin, J. Jegoudez andR. Setton,ibid. 14 (1976) 176.

    Google Scholar 

  44. L. W. Wong andD. D. L. Chung, unpublished results (1986).

  45. D. D. L. Chung, G. Dresselhaus andM. S. Dresselhaus,Mater. Sci. Eng. 31 (1977) 107.

    Google Scholar 

  46. D. D. L. Chung andL. W. Wong,Int. J. Thermophys. in press.

  47. Y. Higashida andK. Kamada,J. Nucl. Mater. 73 (1978) 30.

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. G. Hooley,Nature 190 (1961) 529.

    Google Scholar 

  49. N. Daumas andA. Herold,CR Acad. Sci. C268 (1969) 373.

    Google Scholar 

  50. L. C. Olsen, S. E. Seeman andH. W. Scott,Carbon 8 (1970) 85.

    Google Scholar 

  51. R. E. Stevens, S. Ross andS. P. Wesson,ibid. 11 (1973) 525.

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. D. L. Chung andL. W. Wong,Synth. Met. 12 (1985) 533.

    Google Scholar 

  53. C. Uhur andL. M. Sander,Phys. Rev. B27 (1983) 1326.

    Google Scholar 

  54. C. Uhur,ibid. B25 (1982) 4167.

    Google Scholar 

  55. K. Miyauchi, Y. Takahashi andT. Mukaibo,Carbon 9 (1971) 807.

    Google Scholar 

  56. K. Miyauchi andY. Takahashi,ibid. 14 (1976) 35.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Marchand andP. Espelette, Ext. Abstract Programme — Biennial Conference of Carbon, Vol. 17 (American Carbon Society, 1985) pp. 67, 68.

  58. D. D. L. Chung andLan W. Wong,Carbon 24 (1986) 443.

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. B. Dowell andR. A. Howard,ibid. 24 (1986) 311.

    Google Scholar 

  60. S. A. Alfer, A. S. Skoropanov, A. A. Vecher, L. S. Malei andM. D. Malei,Thermochim. Acta 88 (1985) 489.

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. W. Alysworth, US Patent 1 137 373 (1915).

  62. L. W. Wong andD. D. L. Chung, in Proceedings of 18th International SAMPE Technical Conference, Covina, California, 1986, pp. 114–123.

  63. Y. S. Wang, M. A. O'Gurkis andJ. T. Lindt,Polym. Compos. 7 (1986) 349.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D. Berger, B. Carton, A. Metrot andA. Herold, in “Chemistry and Physics of Carbon”, Vol. 12, edited by P. L. Walker Jr and P. A. Thrower (1975).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chung, D.D.L. Exfoliation of graphite. J Mater Sci 22, 4190–4198 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132008

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132008

Keywords

Navigation