Skip to main content
Log in

Oriented immobilization of proteins

  • Fundamental Review
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Immobilized enzymes have found numerous applications in analytical, clinical, environmental and industrial chemistry. However, in most cases, immobilization leads to partial or total loss of activity. It is widely believed that the loss in activity is due to attachment of proteins on the immobilization support through several amino acid residues. This results in a random orientation of the immobilized protein and in increased structural deformation due to multi-point attachment. Several researchers have explored ways to orient proteins on surfaces, such that orderly organization, single point attachment and accessibility of the active site (or binding site) are possible. This article reviews the various approaches available to achieve oriented immobilization of proteins and its applications in several disciplines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. F. Taylor,Protein Immobilization, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  2. L. E. Freed, G. V. Vunjak-Novakovic, P. A. Drinker, R. Langer,Ann. Biomed. Eng. 1993,21, 57.

    Google Scholar 

  3. T. G. Park, A. S. Hoffman,Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1993,15, 476.

    Google Scholar 

  4. S. Ganapathi, D. A. Butterfield, D. Bhattacharyya,J. Chem. Technol Biotechnol. 1995,64, 15.

    Google Scholar 

  5. L. Giorno, R. Molinari, E. Drioli,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1995,64, 345.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. A. Mostafa.Energy Convers. Manag. 1996,37, 253.

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Motonaka, L. R. Faulkner,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 3258.

    Google Scholar 

  8. S. Ying, I. D. McKelvie, B. T. Harry,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 3053.

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. G. Boutelle, L. K. Fellows, C. Cook,Anal. Chem. 1992,64, 1790.

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. H. Lin,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1991,50, 17.

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. Camacho-Rubio, E. Jurado-Alameda, P. Gonzalez-Tello,Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1995,73, 935.

    Google Scholar 

  12. G. Francesc, C. Sola,Biotechnol. Prog. 1995,11, 479.

    Google Scholar 

  13. X. Wang, E. Ruckenstein,Biotechnol. Prog. 1993,9, 661.

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. A. Santoyo, G. Carrasco, G. E. Gomez,Biotechnol. Prog. 1993,9, 166.

    Google Scholar 

  15. O. Miyawaki, T. Yano,Enzyme Microb. Technol 1993,15, 525.

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. M. Van Sonsbeck, H. H. Beeftink, J. Tramper,Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1993,15, 722.

    Google Scholar 

  17. E. A. Bayer, M. Wilchek,J. Chromatogr. 1990,510, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. D. Johnson, F. E. Arnold,Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1995,48, 437.

    Google Scholar 

  19. K. Jones,Chromatographia 1991,32, 469.

    Google Scholar 

  20. K. Keinänen, M. L. Kamen,FEBS Lett. 1994,346, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Kiefel,Transfus. Med. 1992,2, 181.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. A. Suleiman, G. G. Guilbault,Analyst 1994,119, 2279.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. L. Crumbliss, J. Zhao, J. G. Stonehuerner,Biosens. Bioelectron. 1993,8, 331.

    Google Scholar 

  24. G. G. Guilbault, M. Mascini,Analytical Uses of Biological Compounds for Detection, Medical and Industrial Uses, Reidel, Boston, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Kondoh, Y. Matsiu, W. B. Wlodarski,Sens. Actuators 1994,B20, 199.

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. H. Scouten, J. H. T. Luong, R. S. Brown,Trends Biotechnol. 1995,13, 178.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. K. Bhatia, J. J. Hickman, F. S. Ligler,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992,114, 4432.

    Google Scholar 

  28. E. Kopetzki, K. Lehnert, P. Buckel,Clin. Chem. 1994,40, 688.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Wiseman,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1993,56, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. D. Johnson, A. G. Wang, F. H. Arnold,J. Phys. Chem. 1996,100, 5134.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. J. Ramsden, J. E. Prenosil,J. Phys. Chem. 1994,98, 5376.

    Google Scholar 

  32. V. Noinville, V.-M. Calire, S. Bernard,J. Phys. Chem. 1995,99, 1516.

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Sadana,Bioseparation 1993,3, 297.

    Google Scholar 

  34. P. K. J. Marek, M. P. Coughlan, in:Protein Immobilization (R. F. Taylor, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, pp. 13–71.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. F. Kennedy, J. M. S. Cabrai,Artif. Cells, Blood Substitutes Immobilization Biotechnol. 1995,23, 231.

    Google Scholar 

  36. K. Mosbach, B. Mattiasson,Methods Enzymol. 1976,44, 453.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. D. Trevan,Immobilized Enzymes: An Introduction and Applications in Biotechnology, Wiley, Chichester, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. M. S. Cabrai, J. F. Kennedy, in:Protein Immobilization (R. F. Taylor, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, pp. 73–138.

    Google Scholar 

  39. W. H. Scouten,Methods Enzymol. 1987,135, 30.

    Google Scholar 

  40. R. F. Taylor, in:Protein Immobilization (R. F. Taylor, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, pp. 139–160.

    Google Scholar 

  41. P. L. Domen, J. R. Nevens, M. A. Krishna, G. T. Hermanson, D. C. Klenk,J. Chromatogr. 1990,510, 293.

    Google Scholar 

  42. P. H. Larsson, S. G. O. Johansson, A. Hult, S. Göthe,J. Immunol. Methods 1987,98, 129.

    Google Scholar 

  43. D. J. O'Shanessy, M. Brigham-Burke, K. Paek,Anal. Biochem. 1992,205, 132.

    Google Scholar 

  44. S. H. Paek, L. G. Bachas, W. Schramm,Anal. Biochem. 1993,210, 145.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. E. Hale,Anal. Biochem. 1995,231, 46.

    Google Scholar 

  46. K. Voivodov, W.-H. Chan, W. Scouten,Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1993,70/71, 275.

    Google Scholar 

  47. M. A. Previero-Coletti, A. Previero,Anal. Biochem. 1989,180, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  48. S. Ronchi, M. C. Zapponi, G. Ferri,Eur. J. Biochem. 1969,8, 325.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. F. Borch, M. D. Bernstein, H. Dupont-Durst,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971,93, 2897.

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. Pugnière, C. San Juan, M. A. Coletti-Previero, A. Previero,Biosci. Rep. 1988,8, 263.

    Google Scholar 

  51. J. R. Dyer,Methods Biochem. Anal. 1956,3, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. J. O'Shannessy, M. Wilchek,Anal. Biochem. 1990,191, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  53. M. Wilchek, A. Bayer,Methods Enzymol. 1987,138, 429.

    Google Scholar 

  54. A. A. Bergold, W. H. Scouten,Solid Phase Biochemistry, Wiley, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  55. H. Lis, N. Sharon,Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986,55, 35.

    Google Scholar 

  56. W. C. Eckelman, C. H. Paik, R. C. Reba,Cancer Res. 1980,40, 3036.

    Google Scholar 

  57. S. Matzku, H. Kirchgessner, W. G. Dippold, J. Bruggen,Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 1985,11, 260.

    Google Scholar 

  58. H. E. Blythman, P. Casellas, D. Gros, F. K. Jansen, F. Pashucci, B. Pan, H. Vidai,Nature 1981,290, 145.

    Google Scholar 

  59. R. A. Fawwaz, T. S. T. Wang, A. Estabrook, J. M. Rosen, M. A. Hardy, P. O. Alderson, S. C. Srivastava, P. Richards, S. Ferrone,J. Nucl. Med. 1985,26, 488.

    Google Scholar 

  60. M. C. Garnett, M. J. Embleton, E. Jacobs, R. W. Baldwin,Int. J. Cancer 1982,31, 661.

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. Kanellos, G. A. Pietersz, I. F. C. McKenzie,J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1985,75, 319.

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. Ramakrishnan, L. L. Houston,Cancer Res. 1984,44, 1398.

    Google Scholar 

  63. M. Seto, N. Umemoto, M. Saito, Y. Masuho, T. Hara, T. Takahashi,Cancer Res. 1982,42, 5209.

    Google Scholar 

  64. N. Umemoto, Y. Kato, Y. Takeda, M. Saito, T. Hara, M. Seto, T. Takahashi,J. Appl. Biochem. 1984,6, 297.

    Google Scholar 

  65. J. D. Rowel, V. L. Alvarez, C. Lee, A. D. Lopes, J. W. F. Goers, H. D. King, H. J. Powsner, T. J. McKern,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986,83, 2632.

    Google Scholar 

  66. G. T. Hermanson,Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press, San Diego, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  67. R. L. Lundblad,Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, CRC, Boca Raton, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  68. T. T. Ngo,Bio/Technology 1986,4, 134.

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. M. Spitznagel, D. S. Clark,Bio/Technology 1993,11, 825.

    Google Scholar 

  70. F. H. Martin, D. Papahadjopoulos,Biochemistry 1981,20, 4229.

    Google Scholar 

  71. L. Laserman, J. Barbet, F. Kourilsky, J. Weinskin,Nature 1980,288, 602.

    Google Scholar 

  72. V. S. Prisyazhnoy, M. Fusek, B. Alkahov,J. Chromatogr. 1988,424, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  73. P. Parham,J. Immunol. 1983,131, 2895.

    Google Scholar 

  74. E. Lamoyi,Methods Enzymol. 1986,121, 652.

    Google Scholar 

  75. M. Potter, E. Appella, S. Geisser,J. Mol. Biol. 1965,14, 361.

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. Svasti, C. Milstein,Biochem. J. 1972,126, 837.

    Google Scholar 

  77. B. S. DeSilva, G. S. Wilson,J. Immunol. Methods 1995,188, 9.

    Google Scholar 

  78. B. Lu, J. Xie, C. Lu, C. Wu, Y. Wei,Anal. Chem. 1995,67, 83.

    Google Scholar 

  79. T. M. Spitznagel, J. W. Jacobs, D. S. Clark,Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1993,15, 916.

    Google Scholar 

  80. H. X. You, S. Lin, C. R. Lowe,Micron 1995,26, 311.

    Google Scholar 

  81. D. Gersten, J. Marchalonis,J. Immunol. Methods 1978,24, 305.

    Google Scholar 

  82. A. V. Philips, D. J. Robbins, M. S. Coleman, M. D. Barkley,Biochemistry 1987,26, 2893.

    Google Scholar 

  83. C. R. Suri, P. K. Jain, G. C. Mishra,J. Biotechnol 1995,39, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  84. C. Schneider, R. A. Newman, D. R. Sutherland, U. Asser, M. F. Greaves,J. Biol. Chem. 1982,257, 10766.

    Google Scholar 

  85. T. H. Sisson, C. W. Castor,J. Immunol. Methods 1990,127, 215.

    Google Scholar 

  86. B. Akerstrom, L. Bjorck,J. Biol. Chem. 1986,261, 10240.

    Google Scholar 

  87. B. Akerstrom, E. Nielson, L. Bjorck,J. Biol. Chem. 1987,262, 13388.

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. Eliasson, A. Olsson, E. Palmcrantz, K. Wiberg, M. Inganas, B. Guss, M. Lindberg, M. Uhlen,J. Biol. Chem. 1988,263, 4323.

    Google Scholar 

  89. S. Gahenstock,TIBS 1987,5, 79.

    Google Scholar 

  90. L. Bjorck, G. Kronvall,J. Immunol. 1984,133, 969.

    Google Scholar 

  91. B. Guss, M. Eliasson, A. Olsson, M. Uhlen, M. A. Frej, H. Jornvall, U. Flock, M. Lindberg,EMBO J. 1986,5, 1567.

    Google Scholar 

  92. K. Nakanishi, H. Muguruma, I. Karube,Anal. Chem. 1996,68, 1695.

    Google Scholar 

  93. A. Barraud, H. Perrot, V. Billard, C. Martelet, J. Therasse,Biosens. Bioelectron. 1993,8, 39.

    Google Scholar 

  94. T. Kawaguchi, T. Shiro, K. Iwata,Sens. Actuators,1991,B3, 113.

    Google Scholar 

  95. K. Owaku, M. Goto, Y. Ikariyama, M. Aizawa,Anal. Chem. 1995,67, 1613.

    Google Scholar 

  96. W. L. Hoffman, D. J. O'Shannessy,J. Immunol. Methods 1988,112, 113.

    Google Scholar 

  97. K. D. Janda, J. A. Ashley, T. M. Jones, D. A. McLeod, D. M. Schloeder, M. I. Weinhouse,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990,112, 8886.

    Google Scholar 

  98. D. J. O'Shannessy, R. H. Quarles,J. Immunol. Methods 1987,99, 153.

    Google Scholar 

  99. J. Turková, L. Petkov, J. Sajdok, M. J. Benes,J. Chromatogr. 1990,500, 585.

    Google Scholar 

  100. D. J. O'Shannessy,J. Chromatogr.,1990,510, 13.

    Google Scholar 

  101. B. Solomon, R. Koppel, F. Schwartz, G. Fleminger,J. Chromatogr. 1990,510, 321.

    Google Scholar 

  102. P. Tijssen, E. Kurstak,Anal. Biochem. 1984,136, 451.

    Google Scholar 

  103. L. Van Lenten, G. Ashwell,J. Biol. Chem. 1971,246, 1889.

    Google Scholar 

  104. J. R. Clamp, L. Hough,Biochem. J. 1965,94, 17.

    Google Scholar 

  105. W. A. Krotoski, H. E. Weimer,Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1966,115, 337.

    Google Scholar 

  106. C. A. C. Wolfe, D. S. Hage,Anal. Biochem. 1995,231, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  107. R. S. Matson, M. C. Little,J. Chromatogr. 1988,458, 67.

    Google Scholar 

  108. R. L. Wimalasena, G. S. Wilson,J. Chromatogr. 1991,572, 85.

    Google Scholar 

  109. C. L. Orthner, F. A. Highsmith, J. Tarakan, R. D. Madurawe, T. Morcol, W. H. Velander,J. Chromatogr. 1991,558, 55.

    Google Scholar 

  110. A. P. G. van Sommeren, P. A. G. M. Machielsen, T. C. J. Gribnau,J. Chromatogr. 1993,639, 23.

    Google Scholar 

  111. B. Johnsson, S. Lofas, G. Lindquist, A. Edstrom, H. R. M. Muller, A. Hansson,J. Mol. Recognit. 1995,8, 125.

    Google Scholar 

  112. F. Melchers,Biochemistry 1969,8, 938.

    Google Scholar 

  113. F. Highsmith, T. Regan, D. Clark, W. Drohan, J. Tharakan,BioTechniques 1992,12, 418.

    Google Scholar 

  114. P. S. Stayton, J. M. Olinger, M. Jiang, P. W. Bohn, S. G. Sligar,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992,114, 9298.

    Google Scholar 

  115. M. Gouterman, D. Dolphin,The Porphyrins, Academic Press, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  116. M. A. McLean, P. S. Stayton, S. G. Sligar,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 2676.

    Google Scholar 

  117. M. Iwakura, T. Kokubu,J. Biochem. 1993,114, 339.

    Google Scholar 

  118. S. J. Vigmond, M. Iwakura, F. Mizutani, T. Katsura,Langmuir 1994,10, 2860.

    Google Scholar 

  119. H. K. W. Kallwass, W. Parris, L. A. Macfarlane, M. Gold, B. Jones,Biotechnol. Lett. 1993,15, 29.

    Google Scholar 

  120. M. Persson, L. Bülow, K. Mosbach,FEBS Lett. 1990,270, 41.

    Google Scholar 

  121. M. Persson, G:son Bergstrand, M. Bülow, K. Mosbach,Anal. Biochem. 1988,172, 330.

    Google Scholar 

  122. A. Chilkoti, G. Chen, P. S. Stayton, A. Hoffman,Bioconjugate Chem. 1994,5, 504.

    Google Scholar 

  123. A. Chilkoti, T. Boland, B. D. Ratner, P. S. Stayton,Biophys. J. 1995,69, 2125.

    Google Scholar 

  124. C. Ljungquist, B. Jansson, T. Moks, M. Uhlen,Eur. J. Biochem. 1989,186, 557.

    Google Scholar 

  125. P. Lindner, B. Guth, C. Wülfing, C. Krebber, B. Steipe, F. Müller, A. Plückthun,Methods: Companion Methods Enzymol. 1992,4, 41.

    Google Scholar 

  126. R. Gentz, C. H. Chen, C. A. Rosen,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989,86, 821.

    Google Scholar 

  127. E. Hochuli, H. Döbeli, A. Schacher,J. Chromatogr. 1987,411, 177.

    Google Scholar 

  128. E. Hochuli, W. Bannwarth, H. Döbeli, R. Gentz, D. Stüber,Bio/Technology 1988,6, 1321.

    Google Scholar 

  129. E. Hochuli, S. Piesecki,Methods: Companion Methods Enzymol. 1992,4, 68.

    Google Scholar 

  130. M. C. Smith, T. C. Furman, T. D. Ingolia, C. Pidgeon,J. Biol. Chem. 1988,263, 7211.

    Google Scholar 

  131. F. H. Arnold,Bio/Technology 1991,9, 151.

    Google Scholar 

  132. E. Sulkowski,Trends Biotechnol. 1985,3, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  133. E. Sulkowski, in:Protein Purification (R. Burgen, ed.), Liss, New York, 1987, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  134. S. S. Suh, B. L. Haymore, F. H. Arnold,Protein Eng. 1991,4, 301.

    Google Scholar 

  135. C. Ljungquist, A. Breitholtz, H. Brink-Nilsson, T. Moks, M. Uhlén, B. Nilsson,Eur. J. Biochem. 1989,186, 563.

    Google Scholar 

  136. A. Skerra, L. Pfitzinger, A. Pluckthun,Bio/Technology 1991,9, 273.

    Google Scholar 

  137. J. Carlsson, K. Mosbach, L. Bülow,Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1996,51, 221.

    Google Scholar 

  138. A. Kondo, T. Teshima,Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1995,46, 421.

    Google Scholar 

  139. S. Vishwanath, C. R. Watson, W. Huang, L. G. Bachas, D. Bhattacharyya,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1997,68, 294.

    Google Scholar 

  140. P. E. Johnson, P. Tomme, M. D. Joshi, L. P. McIntosh,Biochemistry 1996,35, 13895.

    Google Scholar 

  141. M. L. Langsford, N. R. Gilkes, W. W. Wakarchuk, D. G. Kilburn, R. C. Miller, R. A. J. Warren,J. Gen. Microbiol. 1984,130, 1367.

    Google Scholar 

  142. E. Ong, N. R. Gilkes, A. J. Warren, R. C. Miller Jr., D. G. Kilburn,Bio/Technology 1989,7, 604.

    Google Scholar 

  143. S. Vishwanath, D. Bhattacharyya, W. Huang, L. G. Bachas,J. Membr. Sci. 1995,108, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  144. C. Dietrich, L. Schmitt, R. Tampé,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995,92, 9014.

    Google Scholar 

  145. C. Duschl, A-F. Sévin-Landais, H. Vogel,Biophys. J. 1996,70, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  146. G. M. Whitesides, J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto,Science 1991,254, 1312.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rao, S.V., Anderson, K.W. & Bachas, L.G. Oriented immobilization of proteins. Mikrochim Acta 128, 127–143 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243043

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243043

Key words

Navigation