Abstract
With the aid of a one-dimensional steady-state, stratospheric model we have calculated ozone changes coused by atmosphric injections of NOx, N2O and chlorofluoromethanes. Adopting the fast rate constant, for the reaction HO2+NO»OH+NO2 measured by Howard and Evenson, we calculate much smaller perturbations of the ozone layer by NOx and N2O additions than previously estimated, but about two times larger ozone reductions as a result of continued emissions of chlorofluoromethanes, CF2Cl2 and CFCl3.
The model results are sensitive to adopted values for the rate coefficients for the reactions HO2+O3»OH+2O2 and OH+HO2»H2O+O2 and the eddy diffusion profile near the tropopause. More accurate assessments of ozone perturbations require the development of photochemical models that incorporate meteorological processes in more than one dimension.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackerman, M., Fontanella, J. C., Fremont, D., Girard, A., Louisnard, N. andMuller, C. (1975),Simultaneous measurements of NO and NO 2 in the stratosphere, Planet. Space. Sci.23, 651–660.
Altshuller, A. P. andBufalini, J. J. (1971),Photochemical aspects of air pollution: A review, Environ. Sci. Technol..5, 39–64.
Burrows, J. R., Harris, G. W. andThrush, B. A. (1977),Rates of reaction of HO 2 with HO and O studied by laser magnetic resonance, Nature.267 233–234.
Chaloner, C. P., Drummond, J. R., Houghton, J. T., Jarnot.,R. F. andRoscoe, H. K. (1975),Stratospheric measurements of H 2 O and the diurnal change of NO and NO 2, Nature258, 696–697.
Chameides, W. andWalker, J. C. G. (973),A photochemical theory of tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res.78, 8751–8760.
Cieslik S. andNicolet, M. (1974),The aeronomic dissociation of nitric oxide, Planet. Space Sci.21, 925–938.
Cox, R. A. (1975),The photolysis of gaseous nitrous acid: A technique for obtaining kinetic data on atmospheric photooxidation reactions, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., Symp.1, 379–398.
Crutzen, P. J. (1970),The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.96, 320–325.
Crutzen, P. J. (1973),A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere, Pure Appl. Geophys.106–108, 1385–1399.
Crutzen, P. J. (1974a),Estimates of possible variations in total ozone due to natural causes and human activities, Ambio3, 201–210.
Crutzen, P. J. (1974b),Photochemical reactions initiated by and influencing ozone in the troposphere, Tellus26, 47–57.
Crutzen, P. J. (1974c),A review of upper atmospheric photochemistry, Can. J. Chem.52, 1569–1581.
Crutzen, P. J. andEhhalt, D. H. (1977),Effects, of nitrogen fertilizers and combustion on the stratospheric ozone layer, Ambio6, 112–117.
Crutzen, P. J. (1977),A description of a one-dimensional photochemical steady-state model, Meteorol. Monogr. (in press).
Drummond, J. W. (1977),Atmospheric measurements of nitric oxide using a chemiluminescent detector, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics.
Drummond, J. W., Rosen, J. M. andHofmann, D. J. (1977),Balloon-borne chemiluminescent measurement of NO to 45 km, Nature265, 319–320.
Duewer, W. H., Wuebbles, D. J., Ellsaesser, H. W. andChang, J. S. (1977),NO x catalytic ozone destruction: Sensitivity to rate coefficients, J. Geophys. Res.82, 935–942.
Garvin, D. andHampson, R. F.,Rate and photochemical data, inThe Natural Stratosphere of 1974, CIAP Monograph Vol. 1 (Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1975), pp. 195–262.
Hecht, T. A. andSeinfeld, J. H. (1972),Development and validation of a generalized mechanism for photochemical smog, Environ. Sci. Technol.6, 47–57.
Hidalgo, H. andCrutzen, P. J. (1977),The tropospheric and Stratospheric composition perturbed by NO x emissions of high altitude aircraft, J. Geophys. Res. (in press).
Howard, C. J. andEvenson, K. M. (1977),Kinetics of the reaction of HO 2 radicals with NO, Geophys. Res. Letters (in press).
Johnston, H. (1971),Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust, Science173, 517–522.
Kaufman, F.,Hydrogen chemistry: Perspective on experiment and theory, inAtmospheres of Earth and the Planets, (D. Reidel, The Netherlands 1975), pp. 219–232.
Mason, C. J. andHorvath, J. J. (1976),The direct measurement of nitric oxide concentration in the upper atmosphere by a rocket-borne chemiluminescent detector, Geophys. Res. Letters3, 391–394.
McElroy, M. B., Elkins, J. W., Wofsy, S. C. andYung, Y. L. (1976),Sources and sinks for atmospheric N 2 O, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.14, 143–150.
NASA,Chlorofluoromethane Assessment Workshop Report, March 1977 (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 1977).
Noxon, J. F. (1977),Tropospheric NO 2, submitted to J. Geophys. Res.
Patel, C. K. N., Burkhardt, E. G. andLambert, C. A. (1974),Spectroscopic measurements of stratospheric nitric oxide and water, vapor, Science184, 1173–1176.
Ridley, B. A., Schiff, H. I., Shaw, A. W., Megill, L. R., Bates, L., Howlett, C., Levaux, H. andAshenfelter, T. E. (1974),Measurement of nitric oxide in the stratosphere between 17.4 and 22.9 km, Planet. Space Sci.22, 19–24.
Schmeltekopf, A. L., Albritton, D. L., Crutzen, P. J., Goldan, P. D., Harrop, W. J., Henderson, W. R., McAfee, J. R. McFarland, M., Schiff, H. I., Thompson, T. L., Hofmann, D. J. andDjome, N. T. (1977),Stratospheric nitrous oxide altitude profiles at various latitudes, J. Atm. Sci.34, 729–736.
Toth, R. A., Farmer, C. B., Schindler, R. A., Raper, O. F. andSchaper (1973),Detection of nitric oxide in the lower atmosphere, Nature: Phys. Sci.244, 7–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Crutzen, P.J., Howard, C.J. The effect of the HO2+NO reaction rate constant on one-dimensional model calculations of stratospheric ozone perturbations. PAGEOPH 116, 497–510 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01636903
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01636903