Abstract
I am deeply honored to have been selected as a recipient of the 1987 Okada Prize by the Oceanographical Society of Japan. The present paper reviews my work and recent studies of other investigators concerning mineral aerosol (dust) particles in the marine atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. I would like to emphasize the importance of atmospheric deposition of continental substances to the ocean environment.
From consecutive measurements of atmospheric dust concentrations and total deposition fluxes at 13 island stations in the Pacific Ocean, a strong seasonal transfort pattern of dust particles was found at most of the stations. High atmospheric dust concentrations occurred during the spring in both hemispheres. There was a latitudinal gradient in both the atmospheric dust concentration and flux, with the highest values observed at midlatitudes.
When combined with observations of dust storms in Asia and isentropic trajectory analysis, it was clear that the dust over the central North Pacific was transported by the upper westerly winds from the arid desert regions in central and eastern Asia. Transport times were 1–2 weeks, and in some cases, atmospheric transport paths of over 10,000 km were observed.
Infrequent short-term dust events contributed most of annual atmospheric dust flux to the open ocean. These sporadic inputs are major sources for both suspended mineral matter in the water column and the non-biogenic component of deep-sea sediments in the Pacific Ocean. The impact of atmospheric dust fluxes on chemical and biological processes in the water column remains to be determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arao, K. and Y. Ishizaka (1986): Volume and mass of yellow sand dust in the air over Japan as estimated from atmospheric turbidity. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,64, 79–94.
Arimoto, R., R.A. Duce, B.J. Ray, A.D. Hewitt and J. Williams (1987): Trace elements in the atmosphere of American Samoa: concentrations and deposition to the tropical South Pacific. J. Geophys. Res.,92, 8465–8479.
Betzer, P.R., K.L. Carder, M. Uematsu, R.A. Duce, J.T. Merrill, D. Costello, R. Young, R.A. Feely, J.A. Breland, N. Tindale and R. Bernstein (1987): A pulse of Asian dust to the central North Pacific: long-range transport of giant mineral aerosols. (Submitted to Nature)
Blank, M., M. Leinen and J.M. Prospero (1985): Major Asian aeolian inputs indicated by the mineralogy of aerosols and semiments in the western North Pacific. Nature,314, 84–86.
Duce, R.A. (1986): The impact of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron species on marine biological productivity. pp. 497–529.In: The role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling, NATO ASI series. Series C. ed. by P. Buat-Menard, D. Reidel Pub. Co., Dordrecht.
Duce, R.A., C.K. Unni, B.J. Ray, J.M. Prospero and J.T. Merrill (1980): Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: temporal variability. Science,209, 1522–1524.
Griffin, J.J. and E.D. Goldberg (1968): Clay mineral distribution in the world ocean. Deep-Sea Res.,15, 433–459.
Hirose, K., Y. Dokiya and Y. Sugimura (1983): Effect of the continental dust over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,61, 670–677.
Honjo, S., S.J. Manganini and J.J. Cole (1982): Sedimentation of biogenic matter in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Res.,29, 609–625.
Isono, K., M. Komabayashi, T. Takeda, T. Tanaka, K. Iwai and M. Fujiwara (1971): Concentration and nature of ice nuclei in rim of the North Pacific Ocean. Tellus,23, 40–59.
Iwasaka, Y., H. Minoura and K. Nagaya (1983): The transport and spatial scale of Asian dust-storm clouds: a case study of the dust-storm event of April 1979. Tellus,35, 189–196.
Kadowaki, S. (1979): Silicon and aluminum in urban aerosols for characterization of atmospheric soil particles in the Nagoya area. Environ. Sci. Technol.,13, 1130–1133.
Kusakabe, M., T.-L. Ku, S. Tsunogai and K. Harada (1988): Chernobyl radioactivities found in midwater sediment interceptors in the N. Pacific and Bering Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett.,15, 44–47.
Leinen, M., D. Cwienk, G.R. Heath, P.E. Biscaye, V. Kolla, J. Thiede and J.P. Dauphin (1986): Distribution of biogenic silica and quartz in recent deep-sea sediments. Geology,14, 199–203.
Maenhaut, W., W.H. Zoller, R.A. Duce and G.L. Hoffman (1979): Concentration and size distribution of particulate trace elements in the South Polar atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res.,84, 2421–2431.
Martin, J. H., G. A. Knauer and W. W. Broenkow (1985): VERTEX: the lateral transport of manganese in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,32, 1405–1427.
Merrill, J.T., R. Bleck and L. Avila (1985): Modeling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res.,90, 12927–12936.
Murozumi, M., T.J. Chow and C.C. Patterson (1969): Chemical concentrations of pollutant lead aerosols, terrestrial dusts and sea salts in Greenland and Antarctic snow strata. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,33, 1247–1294.
Nozaki, Y. and S. Tsunogai (1973): Lead-210 in the North Pacific and transport of terrestrial materials through the atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,20, 88–92.
Parrington, J.R., W.H. Zoller and N.K. Aras (1983): Asian dust: seasonal transport to the Hawaiian Islands. Science,220, 195–197.
Prospero, J.M. (1981): Eolian transport to the world ocean. pp. 801–874.In: The Oceanic Lithosphere, The Sea, Vol. 7, ed. by C. Emiliani, John Wiley, New York.
Prospero, J.M., R.T. Nees and M. Uematsu (1987): Deposition rate of particulate and dissolved aluminum derived from Saharan dust in precipitation at Miami, Florida. J. Geophys. Res.,92, 14723–14731.
Rahn, K.A., R.D. Borys and G.E. Shaw (1981): Asian desert dust over Alaska: anatomy of an Arctic haze episode. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.186, 37–70.
Schaule, B.K. and C.C. Patterson (1981): Lead concentrations in the northeast Pacific: evidence for global anthropogenic perturbations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,54, 97–116.
Schutz, L., R. Jaenicke and H. Pietrek (1980): Saharan dust transport over the North Atlantic Ocean. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.186, 87–100.
Tsunogai, S. and M. Uematsu (1978): Particulate manganese, iron, and aluminum in coastal water, Funka Bay, Japan. Geochem. J.,12, 39–46.
Tsunogai, S., M. Uematsu, N. Tanaka, K. Harada, E. Tanoue and N. Handa (1980): A sediment trap experiment in Funka Bay, Japan. Mar. Chem.,9, 321–334.
Tsunogai, S. and T. Kondo (1982): Sporadic transport and deposition of continental aerosols to the Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.,87, 8870–8874.
Tsunogai, S., M. Uematsu, S. Noriki, N. Tanaka and M. Yamada (1982): Sediment trap experiment in the northern North Pacific: undulation of settling particles. Geochem. J.,16, 129–147.
Tsunogai, S., T. Suzuki, T. Kurata and M. Uematsu (1985): Seasonal and areal variation of continental aerosol in the surface air over the western North Pacific region. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,41, 427–434.
Uematsu, M. and S. Tsunogai (1983): Recycling of manganese in the coastal sea, Funka Bay, Japan. Mar. Chem.,12, 1–14.
Uematsu, M. and R.A. Duce (1986): Tracking Chernobyl plume across the Pacific. Maritimes,30, 1–4.
Uematsu, M., R.A. Duce, J.M. Prospero, L. Chen, J.T. Merrill and R.L. McDonald (1983): Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.,88, 5343–5352.
Uematsu, M., R.A. Duce, T.L. Patterson and J.M. Prospero (1984): Mineral aerosol concentration at the SEAREX South Pacific Aerosol Network. SEAREX Newsletter,7, 2–4.
Uematsu, M., R.A. Duce, and J.M. Prospero (1985a): Temporal and spacial distribution of mineral aerosol over the South Pacific Ocean. paper presented at IAMAP/IAPSO Joint Assembly. Honolulu, Aug. 5–16, p. 76.
Uematsu, M., R.A. Dude and J.M. Prospero (1985b): Deposition of atmospheric mineral particles to the North Pacific Ocean. J. Atmos. Chem.,3, 123–138.
Uematsu, M., R.A. Duce, S. Nakaya and S. Tsunogai (1985c): Short-term temporal variability of eolian particles in surface waters of northwestern North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res.,90, 1167–1172.
Uematsu, M., N.W. Tindale and R.A. Duce (1986): Long-range transport of atmospheric dust particles during ADIOS I. paper presented at AGU fall meeting, San Francisco, EOS,67, 898.
Uematsu, M., J.T. Merrill, T.L. Patterson, R.A. Duce and J.M. Prospero (1988): Aerosol residence times and iodine gas/particle conversion over the North Pacific as determined from Chernobyl radioactivity. (submitted to Geochem. J.)
Zhou, M., S. Qu., X. Song, Y. Li, S. Yang and Q. Qian (1981): Some properties of the aerosols during a dust storm over Beijing area. Kexue Tongbao,26, 901–905.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
1987
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uematsu, M. Study of continental material transported through the atmosphere to the oeean. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 43, 395–401 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02109292
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02109292