Abstract
The Arctic is subject to considerable pressure from a rapidly expanding world tourism industry and increasing demands for oil and gas resources. The archipelago of Svalbard in the Norwegian high arctic contains the most accessible islands in the entire Arctic, but despite extensive use of the resources, they still contain some of the last true wilderness lands in Europe. The growth in tourism with visitors from all parts of the world combined with coal mining and oil and gas exploration call for a coordinated environmental policy. A research-based management plan for tourism and recreation has now been developed. Some management problems were encountered in designing a recreation opportunity spectrum plan for this extremely vulnerable environment. Although Svalbard in many ways is a unique area, the challenges to management are comparable to those found in regions further south.
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Kaltenborn, B.P., Emmelin, L. Tourism in the high north: Management challenges and recreation opportunity spectrum planning in Svalbard, Norway. Environmental Management 17, 41–50 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393793
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393793