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Size effects on nominal tensile strength of concrete structures: multifractality of material ligaments and dimensional transition from order to disorder

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Abstract

The nominal tensile strength of concrete structures is constant for relatively large sizes, whereas it decreases with the size for relatively small sizes. When, as usually occurs, the experimental investigation does not exceed one order of magnitude in the scale range, a unique tangential slope in the bilogarithmic strength versus size diagram is found. On the other hand, when the scale range extends over more than one order of magnitude, a continuous transition from slope −1/2 to zero slope may appear. This means that for smaller scales a self-similar distribution of Griffith cracks is prevalent, whereas for larger scales the disorder is not visible, the size of the defects and heterogeneities being limited. In practice there may be a dimensional transition from disorder to order. The assumption of multifractality for the damaged material microstructure represents the basis for the so-called multifractal scaling law. This is a best-fit method that imposes the concavity of the bilogarithmic curve upwards, in contrast to the size effect law of Bažant. The relevant results in the literature for ranges in scale extending over more than one order of magnitude are analysed.

Resume

La résistance à la traction nominale des structures en béton est constante pour les dimensions relativement grandes, mais elle diminue en rapport avec la réduction des dimensions pour les dimensions relativement petites. Quand, comme il arrive normalement, la recherche expérimentale ne dépasse pas un ordre de grandeur dans l'intervalle d'échelle, on relève une seule pente tangentielle dans le diagramme résistance—dimensions, comme cela a déjà été observé. D'autre part, si l'intervalle d'échelle s'étend à plus d'un ordre de grandeur, il peut y avoir une transition continue d'une pente −1/2 à une pente zéro. Cela signifie que, pour des dimensions réduites, une distribution autosimilaire des fissures de Griffith est prédominante, tandis que, pour les échelles supérieures, le désordre n'est pas visible à cause des dimensions réduites des défauts et des hétérogénéités. Pratiquement, on peut mettre en évidence une transition dimensionnelle du désordre à l'ordre. L'hypothèse d'un caractère multifractal de la microstructure du matériau fissuré forme la base de la loi d'échelle multifractale (multifractal scaling law). Il s'agit d'une méthode d'interpolation (best fit) qui impose la concavité vers le haut de la courbe bilogarithmique, en contraste avec la loi sur l'effet d'échelle (size effect law) de Bažant. On examine les résultats pertinents contenus dans la littérature, qui considèrent les intervalles d'échelle comportant plus d'un ordre de grandeur.

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Carpinteri, A., Chiaia, B. & Ferro, G. Size effects on nominal tensile strength of concrete structures: multifractality of material ligaments and dimensional transition from order to disorder. Materials and Structures 28, 311–317 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473145

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