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Hydraulic studies of fire hose

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Abstract

Based on a series of experiments using fire hose and nozzles in stock at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, simple pressure loss versus flow equations have been developed. The pressure losses are found to be noticeably lower than those given in fire stream tables currently in use.

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Abbreviations

P 1 :

pressure, in pounds per square inch gage, at discharge of pumps or at start of test section

ΔP L, ΔP 100 :

pressure loss, in pounds per square inch, in test section or per 100 ft of section, respectively

Q v :

water flow, measured by venturi meter, in gallons per minute

Q p :

water flow, measured by impact Pitot tube at nozzle, in gallons per minute

Q t, Qtv :

total water flow, in gallons per minute in a wye layout (measured by venturis)

Q tp :

total water flow, in gallons per minute, in a wye layout (measured by Pitot gage)

L 1, L2 :

length, feet of hose in Leg 1 and Leg 2, respectively, in wye layouts

Q v 2=(Qv/100)2 :

2Q 2=2(Q/100)2 Note this unusual designation, which is used for convenience in calculating the Purington Formula. In this case only,Q is taken as hundreds of gallons per minute.

f, f 1, f2 :

Fanning-Darcy friction factors

References

  1. “Experiments Relating to Hydraulics of Fire Streams,” J. R. Freeman,Transactions American Society of Engineers, Vol. 21 (Nov. 1889), pp. 304–481.

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  2. “A New Look at the Mathematics of Water Delivery,” R. G. Purington,Fire Engineering (March 1965), p. 40. (Also UCRL-12112, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Sept. 29, 1964.)

  3. “Hydraulic Friction Loss in 1 1/2-in. and 2 1/2-in. Cotton Rubber-Lined Fire Hose,” Bulletin of Research, No. 12, Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. (Sept. 1939).

  4. Fire Protection Handbook (12th ed.; Boston: National Fire Protection Association, 1962), Section 12.

  5. Fire Department Pumper Tests and Firestream Tables (6th ed.; New York: National Board of Fire Underwriters, July, 1959).

  6. Chemical Engineer's Handbook, J. H. Perry (4th ed.; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, California, USA

    James R. Gaskill

Authors
  1. James R. Gaskill
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Additional information

Note: The work reported on in this paper was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.

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Gaskill, J.R. Hydraulic studies of fire hose. Fire Technol 2, 37–51 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02588964

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02588964

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